Best History (Industrial Revolution) guide ever

What was the economic impact of the Transportation Revolution?

It boosted trade by reducing transportation costs, allowed goods to be moved faster, and helped create a national economy with expanded markets for products, leading to industrial growth.

What was the social impact of the Transportation Revolution?

 It encouraged westward migration, increased urbanization, and fostered greater social mobility and cultural exchange, making society more interconnected.

Name some key technologies that launched the Industrial Revolution in America.

The steam engine, power loom, spinning jenny, cotton gin, and interchangeable parts were key technologies that revolutionized manufacturing and agriculture.

How did government actions launch the Industrial Revolution in America?

The Tariff of 1816 protected American industries from foreign competition, while investments in infrastructure (e.g., the Erie Canal and National Road) facilitated trade and economic growth.

What were the key points of Henry Clay’s American System?

The American System promoted protective tariffs, a national bank for economic stability, and internal improvements (infrastructure) to unite the nation economically.

What were the results of Henry Clay's American System?

 It led to the Tariff of 1816, the establishment of the Second Bank of the United States, and the construction of infrastructure like the Erie Canal and National Road.

How did the Lowell Mills demonstrate changes in the labor force during the Industrial Revolution?

The Lowell Mills employed young women, known as Lowell Mill Girls, who moved from farms to factory work, marking a shift from agricultural to industrial labor.

How did working conditions at the Lowell Mills change during the Industrial Revolution?

Workers endured long hours, dangerous conditions, and poor living situations in company-owned boarding houses, which sparked early labor reform movements.

How did inventions and innovations of the Market Revolution change American life?

They transformed transportation, communication, and production, leading to increased efficiency and economic growth. ( Inventions like the telegraph, sewing machine, steamboat, and mechanical harvester revolutionized communication, manufacturing, and agriculture, making life more interconnected and efficient)

What were the push and pull factors influencing immigration to America in the early 1800s?

Push factors included economic hardship, political unrest, and religious persecution in home countries. Pull factors involved the promise of jobs, land, and greater freedoms in the United States.

How did the Bank of the United States support the economy during the early 19th century?

It stabilized the economy by providing a uniform currency, facilitating loans, and supporting internal growth, particularly in industry and infrastructure.

What role did the cotton gin play in America's economy?

It dramatically increased cotton production in the South, boosting the economy but also increasing the demand for enslaved labor, reinforcing the Southern economy.

 How did Cyrus McCormick’s mechanical harvester impact American agriculture?

 It made grain harvesting more efficient, contributing to the expansion of agriculture and allowing for greater production, especially in the Midwest.(specifically:wheat production)

How did Eli Whitney influence the Industrial Revolution?

 He invented the cotton gin and pioneered interchangeable parts(note: he did not invent it, only made it popular)which revolutionized both agriculture and manufacturing by increasing efficiency and mass production.

What was the significance of the Embargo of 1807?

 It limited American trade with foreign nations, encouraging domestic manufacturing and helping to stimulate the early Industrial Revolution in the U.S.

How did the Erie Canal contribute to the growth of the U.S. economy?

The canal connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, facilitating trade and reducing transportation costs, leading to greater economic expansion and market integration.

 What was the impact of interchangeable parts on U.S. manufacturing?

 It allowed for mass production of goods, reducing costs and making repairs easier by standardizing components, which was essential for the factory system.

What was the significance of the Industrial Revolution for the U.S.?

The revolution marked the shift from an agricultural economy to an industrial one, leading to the growth of factories, mass production, and urbanization.

How did John Deere's steel plow impact American farming?

It allowed farmers to break through tough soil in the Midwest, facilitating the settlement and agricultural development of the region, supporting economic growth.

What role did the locomotive play in the expansion of the U.S. economy?

The locomotive revolutionized transportation, allowing for faster, more efficient movement of goods and people, greatly contributing to trade and westward expansion.

Who were the Lowell Mill Girls and what did they represent?

 young women who worked in textile factories in Lowell, Massachusetts, symbolizing the changing labor force and early labor movements for better working conditions.

some conditions for the Lowell girls

cerfew

long hours (glorified)

mandatory church

no relationships

expected to be very clean

What was the Market Revolution?

 It was the transition to a more market-oriented economy driven by new technologies in manufacturing, transportation, and communication, leading to the growth of industries and a national market economy.

What was the importance of the National Road?

The National Road connected the eastern U.S. to the western frontier, facilitating the movement of settlers and goods, and promoting economic growth and westward expansion.

 How did Samuel Colt impact American industry?

He revolutionized the firearm industry by mass-producing revolvers, which were critical for law enforcement, settlers in the West, and the military.

How did Samuel Morse’s telegraph change communication?

The telegraph allowed for instant communication over long distances, transforming business, government, and media by making information exchange faster and more efficient.

How did the sewing machine revolutionize manufacturing?

The sewing machine enabled mass production of clothing, making ready-made garments affordable and contributing to the growth of the textile industry and urbanization.

What role did the steamboat play in the growth of the U.S. economy?

The steamboat revolutionized river transportation, making it faster and more reliable, and it significantly reduced the cost of transporting goods and people.

 How did the steel plow improve farming in the Midwest?

 The steel plow allowed farmers to plow through tough prairie soil more easily, which contributed to the settlement of the Midwest and the expansion of agricultural production.

How did the Tariff of 1816 protect American industries?

The tariff imposed taxes on imported goods, which made foreign products more expensive and encouraged Americans to buy domestically-produced goods, protecting U.S. industries from foreign competition.

 What was the role of whaling in the early U.S. economy?

Whaling was vital for providing oil for lamps, lubricants, and other products, playing an important role in the development of the American economy, particularly in coastal cities.

The Erie canal, completed in 1825, connected the great lakes to the Atlantic ocean and:

included the use of lock systemsto overcome change in elevation along the canal(note:steam boats were used before canals, when first made went from NYC to Albany, was much faster than transportation at the time)

Urbanalization

The industrial revolution led to the growth of cities which people moved to from rural areas

The industrial revolution led to the creation of a new middle class and another new class of wealthy industrialist known as:

Capatalist