Comp. Arch and Assembly Exam 3

operating system

The __________ is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware.

utility

Facilities and services provided by the OS that assist the programmer in creating programs are in the form of _________ programs that are not actually part of the OS but are accessible through the OS.

ISA

The _________ defines the repertoire of machine language instructions that a computer can follow.

ABI

The _________ defines the system call interface to the operating system and the hardware resources and services available in a system through the user instruction set architecture.

API

The ________ gives a program access to the hardware resources and services available in a system through the user instruction set architecture supplemented with high-level language library calls.

uniprogramming

A _________ system works only one program at a time.

job control language (JCL)

A _________ is a special type of programming language used to provide instructions to the monitor.

long-term

The _________ scheduler determines which programs are admitted to the system for processing.

short-term

The ________ scheduler is also known as the dispatcher.

physical address

A _________ is an actual location in main memory.

Thrashing

________ is when the processor spends most of its time swapping pages rather than executing instructions.

TLB

Virtual memory schemes make use of a special cache called a ________ for page table entries.

unsegmented unpaged memory

With _________ the virtual address is the same as the physical address.

page table

The OS maintains a __________ for each process that shows the frame location for each page of the process.

operating system

"The _________ is a program that manages the computer's resources, provides services for programmers, and schedules the execution of other programs."

application binary interface

"Three key interfaces in a typical computer system are: instruction set architecture, application programming interface, and ___________."

kernel

"The __________ , or nucleus, contains the most frequently used functions in the OS."

interactive

"In an _________ system the user/programmer interacts directly with the computer, usually through a keyboard/display terminal to request the execution of a job or to perform a transaction."

batch

"A _________ system groups the user's program with programs for other users and is submitted by a computer operator, with results being printed out for the user upon completion of the program. "

scheduling

Early computer systems presented two main problems: setup time and _____.

resident monitor

The portion of the monitor that must always be in main memory and available for execution is referred to as the __________.

multiprogramming

"The technique where memory is expanded to hold three, four, or more programs and switch among all of them is __________, (or multitasking)."

time-sharing

"In a _________ system multiple users simultaneously access the system through terminals, with the OS interleaving the execution of each user program in a short burst or quantum of computation."

running

"The five defined states for a process are: new, ready, waiting, halted, and ________."

process control block

"Each process is represented in the OS by a ___________, which typically contains identifier, state, priority, program counter, memory pointers, context data, I/O status information, and accounting information."

real memory

"Because a process executes only in main memory, that memory is referred to as __________."

Segmentation

__________ allows the programmer to view memory as consisting of multiple address spaces or segments.

base address

"When the processor executes a process it automatically converts from logical to physical address by adding the current starting location of the process, called its __________, to each logical address."

Demand

_________ paging means that each page of a process is brought in only when it is needed.

AND

The operand ________ yields true if and only if both of its operands are true.

OR

The operation _________ yields true if either or both of its operands are true.

NOT

The unary operation _________ inverts the value of its operand.

gate

A _______ is an electronic circuit that produces an output signal that is a simple Boolean operation on its input signals.

Read only memory

________ is implemented with combinational circuits.

"The digital circuitry in digital computers and other digital systems is designed, and its behavior is analyzed, with the use of a mathematical discipline known as __________."

NOT

"The basic logical operations of Boolean algebra are AND, OR, and ________."

The fundamental building block of all digital logic circuits is the _______.

"Each gate is defined in three ways: graphic symbol, algebraic notation, and __________."

To ________ a signal is to cause a signal line to make a transition from its logically false (0) state to its logically true (1) state.