8.4 ap world

What did most socialists or communists seek to make more of?

They sought to make more people into landowners, they got caught up in the US-Soviet ideological battle.

Most communist/socialists countries used _______________ to make this happen.

Land reform.

Describe how Mao Zedong and the communists rose to popularity in China.

The Communists led by Zedong won popular support because they appeared more nationalist and less corrupt than Nationalists.

What were the goals of the Great Leap Forward?

1. Land reform

2. Peasant lands organized into communes

3. China continued to export grain to Africa and Cuba despite failing harvests

4. Zedong sought to convince the world of the success of his economic plan

What were the results of the Great Leap Forward?

Some 20 million Chinese died from starvation and the Great Leap was abandoned in 1960.

What was Mao attempting to do with the Cultural Revolution?

Mao attempted to reinvigorate China's commitment to communism.

Explain the significance of the Red Guard and reeducation camps.

Red Guards were groups of revolutionary students who took people to reeducation camps to make them admit they had not been revolutionary enough.

What was the relationship like between China and the USSR? Hostile or Peaceful

Hostile

What events led to China and USSR relationship?

The two countries skirmished over their border. They also competed for influence.

Both _____________________ and ____________________ fought for control of the area of Iran in early 20th century.

Britain and Russia

Early in WWII, the Iranian leader considered supporting _____________________

Hitler's Nazi regime.

_______________ & ________________ were determined to not let that happen.

Britain and Russia

They forced the leader to abdicate power to his young son, ____________________________

Shah Muhamad Reza Pahlavi

What ended up happening to the young Iranian leader? What did the Iranian people see the leader as?

Iranian nationalists objected to the new shah as a puppet of Western powers. In 1951, they forced him to flee the country.

What was the US & British response to this event?

The US ad Great Britain engineered an overthrow of the democratically chosen Mosaddegh and returned the shah to power.

Why was it called the White Revolution? What aspects were changed?

Because they came with bloodshed. They recognized women's right to vote, social welfare systems, and funded literacy programs.

The most important reform dealt with __________________________.

Land ownership.

In 1979, what signified the revolution?

In 1979, a revolution toppled the shah.

After the toppling of the shah, what new government type was instituted?

The new government was a theocracy, a form of government in which religion is the supreme authority.

What religious text was used for all law?

Shariah.

A democratically elected government under _______________ in the Central American country of Guatemala began efforts at ______________________.

Jacob Arbenz, land reform

Feeling threatened, the _____________________ lobbied the US government to remove the ____________________

United Fruit Company, Arbenz

In ________________, Arbenz was overthrown

1954

During WWII, Japan occupied Vietnam, which __________ still claimed as a colony

France

At the end of the war in 1945, Vietnam ______________________from both Japan and France.

Declared independence.

____________________ vowed to seize land from large landowners

Communists

Ethiopia was originally under _____________ occupation

Italian

__________________ returned to power under WWII.

Haile Selassie

Ethiopia enjoyed economic success based off of ____________________

Its coffee trade

This led to ____________________ political and cultural reforms

Western-style

Selassie was unable to effectively implement ___________________ and his people started seeing him as a _____________________ puppet

Land reforms, US imperialism

Who ended up rising to power? What did he order? And what did he declare the government of Ethiopia as now?

Mengistu Haile Mariam, an Ethiopian native and major in the military. The new government declares itself socialist and received aid weapons from the Soviet Union.

India was under ______________________ since 1858

British rule

Changed with the Independence movement leaded by ___________________

Mahatma Gandhi

In 1947, India was partitioned, creating two states ________________________ & ________________________

Pakistan and India

Create a timeline of land reform in India and Pakistan.

1. 1960 - state passed land reform, overturned by courts

2. 1963 - tenant won the right to purchase land from landowners

3. 1969 - new laws allow tenants to become full owners of land

4. 1974 - laws proide for fixed hours of work and minimum wages