Insect Anatomy_PEPS 363

Tough outer protective layer

Integument

Non-cellular filter between hemolymph and integument

Basement membrane

Cellular layer

Epidermis

Product of a trichogen cell and tormogen cell

Setae hair

Secretory cells that produce compounds and cuticle components, which are released on the surface of the exoskeleton through microscopic ducts

Exocrine glands

The ____ is the outermost layer of the cuticle

epicuticle

The ____ layer of the epicuticle acts as a protective cover

cement

The ____ layer prevents water loss and invasion of foreign matter

wax

The procuticle

The process that causes exocuticle to harden

Sclerotization

Internal skeletal framework in the head of an insect

Tentorium

“Teeth”, allows for chewing, biting, sheering, breaking

Mandibles

“Upper lip”, closes anterior part of mouth

Labrum

Secondary pair of jaws

Maxilla

“Bottom lip”, closes oral cavity

Labium

The ____ are a pair of sense organs that are responsible for touch and smell

antennae

Each optical unit that makes up the compound eye

Ommatidium

Cornea, crystalline cone

Lens

Photoreceptor neurons

Retinula cells

Tube that transmits light

Rhabdom

The notum, pleuron, and sternum are the three major segments of the ____

thorax

A finger-like sclerite that serves as a pivot or fulcrum for the base of the wing

Pleural wing process

Cursorial modifications are for ____

running

Raptorial and prehensile modifications are for ____

grabbing

Saltatorial modifications are for ____

jumping

Natatorial modifications are for ____

swimming

Fossorial modifications are for ____

digging

The ____ contains the internal organs of an insect

abdomen

The ____ deposits eggs

ovipositor

The ____ is an open circulatory system containing hemolymph

hemocoel

The ____ pumps by contraction and expansion of alary muscles in dorsal diaphragm

heart

Perforations in the heart that allow full circulation

Ostia

Transports hemolymph to head

Aorta

____ are primarily involved in healing and immune response

Hemocytes

A form of stem cell that develops into other hemocytes

Prohemocytes

The foregut, midgut, and hindgut are the three main sections of the ____ system

digestive

A muscular valve that marks the “front” of the foregut

Mouth

Muscle tube, analogous with swallowing

Pharynx

Passage and storage of food

Esophagus and crop

Regulates food passage to gut

Proventriculus

The main functions of the ____ include mechanical breakdown, and transportation and storage of food

foregut

The main function of the ____ is chemical digestion

midgut

Loose and movable gut lining

Peritrophic membrane

Valve between hindgut and midgut

Pylorous

Collects metabolic waste

Malpighian tubules

Small tube sometimes enlarged for fermentation and symbiotic bacteria

Ileum

Large chamber that contains rectal pads

Rectum

Deposits waste

Anus

Composed primarily of storage cells and distributed through the body

Fat body

Specialized insect organ that contains bacteriocytes

Bacteriosome

The ____ system expels harmful metabolic byproducts, transports waste, and maintains homeostasis

excretory

Valve-like openings in the exoskeleton that regulate passage of air into trachea

Spiracles

Internal branching network of air-filled tubes that subdivides into smaller and smaller diameters and reaches every part of the body

Trachea

____ at the end of each tracheal branch provides thin, moist interface for gas exchange

Tracheoles

Insects only have ____ muscle

striated

Tubular sheath that envelops muscle fibers

Sarcolemma

Tendon-like structures that permit fusion of muscle fibers and cuticle/ epicuticle

Tonofibrillae

Raises segment for walking

Levator muscle

Lowers segment for walking

Depressor muscle

Raises segment for jumping

Extensor muscle

Lowers segment for jumping

Flexor muscle