BIO 233 Exam 7 (Set #1) Lab practical terms

astrocyte

Star -shaped cell, supports neurons in CNS, helps create BBB (blood-brain barrier) by wrapping feet around capillaries

oligodendrocyte

a type of glial cell that forms myelin in the central nervous system

ependymal cells

line cavities of the brain and spinal cord, circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Microglia

Act as phagocytes, eating damaged cells and bacteria, act as the brain's immune system

sattelite cells

neuroglia in the PNS that are located around cell bodies--help support nerve cells

Schwann cells

produce myelin in PNS

Anterior gray horn

contains somatic motor neuron cell bodies

Lateral gray horn

(Only need to ID) {FYI -- located only in thoracic and lumbar segments, contains visceral motor nuclei}

ventral gray horn

contains motor nuclei to skeletal muscles

posterior white columns

lie between posterior gray horns and posterior median sulcus

lateral white columns

located on each side of spinal cord between anterior and posterior columns

anterior white columns

between anterior horns and anterior median fissure

anterior median fissure

wide, deep crease along the ventral surface of the spinal cord

posterior median sulcus

a longitudinal shallow groove on the posterior side of the spinal cord

central canal of spinal cord

center of spinal cord which contains cerebrospinal fluid

What is the white matter of the spinal cord made of?

myelinated axons

What is the gray matter of the spinal cord made of?

cell bodies

Gray Commissure Function

connect horns

surrounds central canal - where CSF flows

dura mater of spinal cord

The outermost and toughest layer menix covering the spinal cord.

arachnoid mater of spinal cord

middle layer of the meninges (shown here just beneath the dura--they are tightly adhered in the model)

pia mater

Innermost layer of the meninges

epidural space

space between the dura mater and the wall of the vertebral canal

subarachnoid space

a space in the meninges beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid

ventral root of spinal nerve

Contains axons of efferent motor neurons

dorsal root of spinal nerve

Contains axons of afferent sensory neurons

dorsal root ganglia

contain cell bodies of sensory neurons

receptor in reflex arc

sensory organ containing sensory receptors (such as receptors in skin, ear, etc)

effector in reflex arc

muscle or gland that responds to the efferent impulse

Interneuron (reflex arc)

relays and (sometimes) processes sensory information

motor neuron of reflex arc

axon conducts impulses from integrating center to effector

Where is cell body of efferent motor neuron in a reflex arc?

Ventral gray horn

dendrite

Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information.

terminal boutons (axon terminals)

Nissl bodies

Rough endoplasmic reticulum in neuron

What are Nissl bodies made of?

Rough ER

axon hillock

Cone shaped region of an axon where it joins the cell body - summation occurs here

node of ranvier

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells.

nucleus of schwann cell

neurolemma of schwann cell

schwann cell

Creates myelin sheaths in peripheral nervous system

myelin sheath

covers the axon of most neurons and helps insulate and increase speed of impulses

endoneurium

surrounds each nerve cell

cervical plexus

cervical enlargement

nerves of shoulders and upper limbs

lumbar enlargement

nerves of pelvis and lower limbs

conus medullaris

end of spinal cord

brachial plexus

network of interlacing nerves found in the upper arm area

lumbar plexus

femoral nerve

saccral plexus

formed L4 - S4; consists of sciatic nerve

cauda equina

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

filum terminale

anchors spinal cord to coccyx