5.4 - Design Movements

Arts and Crafts (Key Point)

Traditional craftsmanship over machines

Arts and Crafts (Inspirations/Influences)

Traditional Skills, little ornamentation

Medieval crafts, natural forms, natural timbers

Arts and Crafts (Features)

Handmade, traditional mortise and tenon joints

Patterned, natural forms on tiles, wallpaper, textiles

Arts and Crafts (Key Figure)

William Morris (1834-1896)

William Morris

Socialist writer, influenced by Ruskin

He created wallpaper designs; used simple, natural forms, still in use

Art Nouveau (key Point)

Wide ranging, European and Oriental influence, natural/languid form

Art Nouveau (Insprirations/Influences)

Unified approach like A&C

Oriental, Celtic, Arabian patterns, Greek decoration

Iron, Steel, glass, ceramics, concrete

Organic and feminine lines

Art Nouveau (Features)

Stylised, plants, female figures

Differed from country to country

Art Nouveau (Key Figure)

Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928)

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

He was a designer, Archiect, Artisit from the ‘Glasgow 4’

Japanese, Celtic and Arts and Crafts influence

Bold Geometric form, retaining floral and curving motifs

Bauhaus Modernism (Key Point)

Mechanism aesthetic - Form follows function

Bauhaus Modernism (Influences/Inspriations)

Post WW1 idealism, industrial methods and materials

Geometrically pure - Art Deco Influence

Bauhaus Modernism (Features)

Founded as an art school - Walter Gropius - closed by Nazi pressure

Materials, form, metalwork, furniture design, architecture, graphics

Marcel Breuer (Bauhaus Modernist)

His Philosophy:

Form follows function - everyday products for everyday people

Machine aesthetic chairs - inspired other, bent plywood furniture

Bauhaus Modernism (Key Figure)

Marianne Brandt (1893 - 1983)

Marrianne Brandt

She was a Bauhaus student - became head of metal work dept.

Developed geometric kitchenware - tea infuser

Memphis (Key Point)

Challenge conventional taste

Memphis (Influences/Inspirations)

Milan based post-modern, rebelling against functionality

Adapted elements of Art Deco, Pop Art, Children’s toys

Memphis (Features)

Bright, fun, shocking colours

Human/Animal like forms

Simplistic/Abstract - non traditional materials

Memphis (Key Figure)

Ettore Sottsass (1917 - 2007)

Ettore Sottsass

He was an unconventional, eclectic, controversial architect

Founder of the Memphis group

Bold, colourful, abstract designs

Post Modernism (Key point)

Less is a bore

Post Modernism (Influences/Inspriations)

Perceived by some as boring/lacking excitement

Reference can be seen in pop culture, ancient classical architecture, Art Deco

Post Modernism (Features)

Wide range of materials

Anything goes attitude

Huge range of Designs

Post Modernism (Key Figure)

Phillippe Starck (1949-)

Philippe Starck

In his work, function follows form

Range of designs for a range of products

Modern materials, eccentric and innovative ideas

Concious of sustainability

Art Deco (Key Point)

Popular modernsim with exotic influences

Art Deco (Influences/Inspirations)

End of WW1 - travel and mass production

Discovery of King Tut’s tomb 1922

Paris Exhibition 1925

Egyptian temples, Aztec Motifs, African Carvings

Art Deco (Features)

Stepped Decoration - NYC sky scrapers

Sunburst motif

Stylised, geometric, contrasting art nouveau

Bold colours + gold and Black

Art Deco (Key Figure)

Eileen Gray (1878 - 1976)

Eileen Gray

Highly independant - created her own style

Opulence and luxury, geometric shapes

Influenced by modernism and Art Deco