Q2-GB1_Lesson-2

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine Triphosphate.

Why is ATP called the 'energy currency' of the cell?

It is used to fulfill any energy need of the cell.

What is released when ATP is hydrolyzed?

Energy.

What are the three main components of an ATP molecule?

Adenosine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.

What process synthesizes ATP in mitochondria?

Cellular respiration.

What is the main enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP?

ATPase.

What does ATP convert to when it releases energy?

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).

How does ATP contribute to muscle contraction?

It powers the movement of muscle fibers.

During the ATP-ADP cycle, what does hydrolysis produce?

ADP, Pi, and free energy.

What is the primary site of ATP production in plants?

Chloroplasts.

How does ATP function in active transport?

It provides the energy necessary to move molecules across cell membranes.

What is the significance of the ATP-ADP cycle in cells?

It allows for continuous energy regeneration.

What is the reversible reaction that occurs in the ATP-ADP cycle?

ADP + Pi + free energy → ATP + H2O.

Describe the role of water in the ATP regeneration process.

Water is broken down during hydrolysis and regenerated when ATP is formed.

Which vital process does ATP support besides muscle contraction?

DNA replication.

What is ATP synthesis essential for?

Maintaining energy levels in cells.

What type of sugar is found in ATP?

Ribose.

What are phosphoanhydride bonds?

Bonds that link the phosphate groups in ATP.

In what type of organisms is ATP used as an energy carrier?

In living organisms.

What happens to ATP during active transport?

ATP is consumed to move molecules against their gradient.

What does the breakdown of ATP release for cellular processes?

Free energy.

What is required for ADP and Pi to be converted back into ATP?

An input of free energy.

What are the phosphate groups in ATP called?

Alpha, beta, and gamma phosphate groups.

State the equation for hydrolysis of ATP.

ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + free energy + H.

What is the primary structure of ATP?

An adenosine molecule bonded to a ribose sugar and three phosphates.

What crucial function does AP provide in a cell?

It powers various cellular processes.

How is energy released from ATP used by the cell?

By binding the released phosphate to other molecules, activating them.

What is the effect of removing a phosphate group from ATP?

It releases energy.

What must occur for ATP to release energy?

Hydrolysis.

How many phosphates are in an ATP molecule?

Three phosphates.

What do ADP and Pi regenerate when combined with energy?

ATP.

What does 'coupled reaction processes' refer to in biology?

Reactions where the energy released from one reaction drives another.

What is the impact of ATP on energy coupling in cells?

It allows cells to perform work and function efficiently.