SPOKEN LANGUAGE EATURES

FILLER

a sound or word to fill the award silence e.g ermm

BACKCHANELLING

feedback to show the listener is listening e.g yeah okay I get u

HEDGE

softening impact of what are saying like ‘sort of’

FALSE START AND REPAIR

speaker self corrects for example’ what I meant to say was’

DEIXIS

expressions needed with context or direction like ‘over there’ or ‘that one’

PHATIC EXPRESSION

develop social relations, basically small talk like ‘hello,how are u?’ 

INTENSIFIER 

exaggerating something e.g ‘its very cold’

GENERAL EXTENDER

words like ‘things’ or ‘stuff’ to help speakers sound casual, approximate, or inclusive.

CONVERSATIONAL HISTORICAL PRESENT

use of present tense in past events ‘I was in town yesterday and this bus crashed’ or ‘I can remember it like it was yesterday’

PARALINGUISTIC FEATURES OF LANGUAGE

basically just body language like emotion, tone, facial expressions

ADJACENCY PAIRS

question and answer 

invitation and acceptance 

apology and acceptance