europeam exploration ad the atlantic slave trade

#6 vocab

queen elizabeth 

english queen who encouraged exploration, defeated the spanish armada, and began englands overseas empire

philip II

king of spanish who used exploration wealth to spread catholicism and build spain into a global power

queen isabella and ferdinand

monarchs of spain who sponsored columbus voyage, leading to european colonization of americas

prince henry the navigator

portuguese prince who set up navigation schools and sponsored early voyages along africas coast

spanish armada

spains powerful fleet defeated by england in 1588, making a shift in naval dominance

vasco da gama

portuguese explorer who was the first european to sail directly to india by sea

ferdinand magellan

led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe, though he died before finishing the journey

christopher columbus

italian explorer who reached the caribbean in 1492, opening contact between the americas and europe

jacques cartier

french explorer who claimed parts of canada for france and searched for a northwest passage

francis drake

english sea captain, privateer, and the second person to travel the whole globe

conquistadors 

spanish conquerors who defeated native american empires in the americas

scientific revolution

period of major advancements in science, math, and astronomy that changed european thought

hernan cortes

spanish conquistador who conquered the aztec empire in mexico

francisco pizarro

spanish conquistador who conquered the inca empire in peru

henry hudson

english explorer who explored parts of north america while searching for a northwest passage

northwest passage

a hoped-for-sea route through north america to asia that explorers searched for

dutch trading empire

dutch overseas trade network based on control of spices and goods in asia and the americas

java

indonesian island that became central to dutch control of the spice trade

circumnavigation

sailing completely around the world to prove that it was round and global connectivity

caravel

fast, maneuverable portuguese sailing ship used during exploration 

astrolabe

navigation tool invented by muslims to measure the stars to figure the latitude at sea

compass

tool that shows direction using earths magnetic field to help with exploration

galleons

large spanish ships built for long distance trade and carrying treasure

stern mounted rudder

steering device at the back of a ship that improved navigation control

lateen sail

triangular sail allowing ships to sail against the wind and navigate more flexibly

carrack

large, sturdy european ship designed for long ocean voyages

fluyt

dutch cargo ship designed to carry large amounts of goods cheaply and efficiently

cartography

the science and practice of making maps which improved navigation and exploration

maize

corn, staple crop from the americas that became a major world food source

measles

deadly european disease that spread to the americas, devastating native populations

small pox

extremely deadly european disease that caused massive death among indigenous people

malaria

a mosquito borne disease carried to the americas that spread in warm and wet climates

typhoid

disease caused by contaminated food and water

cholera

water borne spread disease that spread during global trade and settlement

great dying

massive population decline of native americans after european diseases spread

taino

indigenous caribbean people who were among the first to encounter columbus and were nearly wiped out

sugarcane

cash crop grown on plantations on the americas using enslaved labor

cacao

plant from the americas used to produce chocolate, important in trade

columbian exchange

global transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the old and new world that was NOT economic

atlantic slave trade

the forced transport of millions of africans across the atlantic to the americas

middle passage

the brutal journey enslaved africans endured across the atlantic ocean

plantation agriculture

large scale farming system using enslaved people/forced labor to grow cash crops

oyo empire

powerful west african kingdom involved in the slave trade

triangle trade

trade system between europe, africa, and the americas exchanging goods, slaves, and raw materials

mercantilist

economic system where colonies provided resources and wealth to benefit the mother country

dahomey

west african kingdom that grew powerful by trading enslaved people with europe

asante

west african kingdom that profited from controlling gold and the slave trade

king alfonso

king of kongo who converted to christianity and protested slave trade

olaudah equiano

former enslaved african who wrote an autobiography describing the horrors of slavery

african diaspora

the spread of african peoples and cultures across the world due to slavery