apush unit 1

Virginia Company

A private business organization whose shareholders included merchants, aristocrats, and members of Parliament.

Anglican Church

Church of England set up by Henry VII

Roanoke Colony

(1585-88) called the "Lost Colony.", the first English colony was funded by Sir Walter Raleigh, unsuccessful ships disappeared or turned back

Enclosure Movement

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.

John Smith

English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia

Headright System

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land if they paid for their own or another's passage

House of Burgesses

1619 became the first elected assembly in colonial America
its creation established a political precedent that all English colonies wold eventually follow

Uprising of 1622

An uprising against the Virginia colony led by Powhatan's brother, Opechancanough, that wiped out a quarter of the settler population; the remaining settlers responded by massacring scores of Indians and devastating their villages.

dower rights

The right of a married woman to one-third of her husband's property in the event that he died before she did

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

John Winthrop

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, he was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present

pilgrims

the first Puritans to emigrate to America were a group of separatists known as this

Mayflower Compact

The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower who agreed to obey "just and equal laws" and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Great Migration

Puritan emigration to North America between 1629 and 1642 where about 21,000 Puritans emigrated to Massachusetts

dissenters

Protestants who belonged to denominations other than the established church.

Captivity Narrative

stories of people captured by enemies whom they consider uncivilized, or whose beliefs and customs they oppose.
most popular stories was The Sovereignty and Goodness of God by Mary Rowlandson

Pequot War

1637 The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to this tribe. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed in this war

Half Way Covenant

A Puritan church document; In 1662, that allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.

English Liberty

The idea that English people were entitled to certain liberties, including trial by jury, habeas corpus, and the right to face one's accuser in court. These rights meant that even the English king was subject to the rule of law.

Act Concerning Religion

Also known as the Maryland Toleration Act, this was a law passed in 1649 mandating religious tolerance and guaranteed all Christians the "free exercise" of religion but punished those who denied the divinity of Jesus or the doctrine of the Holy Trinity

Metacom

A Wampanoag leader, called King Philip by colonists, who was the mastermind behind a 1675 uprising against settlers known as King Philip's War.

King Philip's War

1675 A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

Mercantilism

belief that the government should regulate economic activity to promote national power and encourage manufacturing and commerce by special bounties, monopolies, and other measures and most importantly, trade should be controlled so that more gold and silver flowed into the country then left it

Navigation Act

1650 set of laws that required among other things that all goods to and from the colonies be transported on British ships

Covenant Chain

An alliance between the Iroquois Confederacy and the colony of New York which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all other tribes and thus put New York in an economically and politically dominant position among the other colonies

Yamasee uprising

Revolt of Yamasee and Creek Indians, aggravated by rising debts and slave traders' raids, against Carolina settlers. Resulted in the expulsion of many Indians to Florida.

Society of Friends

aka Quakers; a radical Protestant sect; wanted to restore the simplicity and spirituality of early Christianity. Pennsylvania was a refuge for them.
plantation an agricultural enterprise that brought together large numbers of workers under the control of a single owner
slavery was based out of here

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

Glorious Revolution

established parliamentary supremacy once and for all and secured the Protestant succession to the throne

English Bill of Rights

enacted by Parliament in 1689, that listed parliamentary powers like control over taxation as well as rights of individuals, including trial by jury
Lords of Trade Established in 1675 by England to oversee colonial affairs.

Dominion of New England

1686 The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

English Toleration Act

Enacted in 1690, the act allowed all Protestants to worship freely.

Salem Witch Trials

Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.

Redemptioners

Indentured families or persons who received passage to the New World in exchange for a promise to work off their debt in America.

Walking Purchase

A fraudulent transaction in 1737 whereby Pennsylvania Governor James Logan acquired a large tract of land by hiring runners to mark land; the Lenni Lanape Indians had agreed to cede land that a man could walk in thirty

Backcountry

the area stretching from central Pennsylvania southward through the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and into upland North and South Carolina

staple crops

a crop that is continuously in demand