Short-term Memory and Working Memory Concepts

Short-term Memory (STM)

Temporary storage system for information retention.

Capacity of STM

Limited to 7±2 items, according to Miller.

George Miller

Psychologist known for STM capacity research.

Chunking

Grouping information to enhance memory retention.

Practice in Chunking

Rehearsing improves ability to chunk information.

Example of Chunking (Digits)

1234 765 890 enhances recall of numbers.

Example of Chunking (Words)

Milk, Egg; Bread, Biscuit; Chicken, Beef.

Duration of STM

Typically lasts 15-30 seconds without rehearsal.

Working Memory

Active processing system for manipulating information.

Working Memory Model

Framework describing components of working memory.

Phonological Loop

Component for processing verbal and auditory information.

Visuospatial Sketchpad

Handles visual and spatial information processing.

Mental Rotation

Visualizing objects' movement in space.

Central Executive

Directs attention and coordinates memory tasks.

Working Memory vs Short-term Memory

Working memory involves manipulation; STM is passive.