RBT EXAM

REINFORCEMENT

an event that occurs after a behavior

REINFORCER

Item or Activity delivered after and increases the the behavior is called:

Differential Reinforcement

when you combine reinforcement with extinction to increase one desirable behavior, while at the same time decreasing the undesirable behavior

Value, Effort, Rate, Magnitude, Immediacy

What does VERMI stand for

Modeling

may not be an effective teaching procedure for individuals who don't readily imitate

Instructional Control

having a positive relationship with the learner, comes after pairing

Video Modeling

using taped sequences as examples of behavior the teacher wants the student to imitate

self video modeling

when the student views themselves as the example of behavior

Given in large quantities, so they contact lots of reinforcement in a short amount of time

A reinforcer should not be:

Prompt Fading

used to reduce assistance to a less intrusive prompt

Stimulus Fading

Highlighting a physical dimension of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a correct response, then the highlighted dimension is faded out

Color, size, position

What are 3 dimensions in stimulus fading that can be highlighted?

True

T/F Pairing can take days or weeks depending on the childs learning history

Task Analysis

Breaking skills into smaller, teachable units, the product of which is a series of sequentially ordered steps

MAND

Vocal Request

Intraverbal

If someone asks 'what kind of pet do you want?' and the person responds 'fish.' Which operant is that?

TACT

person sees a fish and says fish

ECHOIC

someone says fish, and the learner repeats fish

Forward Chaining

teaching a task from beginning to end in its naturally occurring order

backwards chaining

teacher identifies all the behaviors in the task analysis except for the last step

Motivation

Mands are controlled by?

Sanitize the environment

Create a state of deprivation

Deprivation, Immediacy, Size, Contingency

What does DISC stand for?

Pure Mand

When learner is requesting things that are out of sight

Scrolling

Learner goes through variety of vocalizations to reach correct one, listing until correct

Value: strength of motivation, Effort: how hard does learner have to work Rate: Rate of reinforcement impacts response Magnitude: size of the reinforcement Immediacy: How quickly the learner is reinforced

what does VERMI stand for

DRA

a learner gets up and down out of his seat. His therapist reinforces the child whenever he is sitting in his seat, this is an example of?

Omission Training

Differential Reinforcement of Other behaviors is also called?

DRO

what form of differential reinforcement is time dependent?

Put on Extinction

In differential Reinforcement procedures, Problem behaviors are put on what?

Withholding Reinforcement to eliminate a behavior

Define Exctinction

Delivery of Reinforcement when target behavior hasnt occurred during a specific time

Define DRO

reinforcing alternate behavior while putting a negative behavior on extinction

Define DRA

Verbal Behavior Milestone Assessment and Placement Program

What does VBMAPP stand for?

Mark Sundberg

VBMAPP was developed by who?

Behavior Intervention plan

Developed to guide parents, teachers, and other professionals on how to decrease behavior, and teach or increase replacement behavior in all settings

Identify the Behavior

What is the first step in creating a BIP

Function

This is the reason or purpose of the behavior being demonstrated

Antecedent Intervention, Consequence Intervention, Replacement Behavior

3 types of behavior intervention strategies

Before

Antecedent Interventions are strategies that focus on structuring the environment and conditions that occur ________ a behavior is demonstrated, so that it is less likely to occur.

Stimulus Control

When a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of a particular SD than in its absence it is said to be under what?

People, Setting, Objects

3 things that can gain Stimulus Control

Setting Events

stimuli in the environment that do not necessarily happen immediately before the behavior occurs but still affect the probability that it may occur

Functional Communication. Priming

2 antecedent control procedures for ESCAPE behavior

Functional Communication, Differential Reinforcement,

2 antecedent control procedures for ATTENTION behavior

Functional communication, Wait program

2 Antecedent control procedures for ACCESS behavior

Replacement Behavior

1 antecedent control procedure for AUTOMATIC REINFORCED behavior

Consequence Intervention

Focus on modifying the environment and contingencies that occur AFTER the behavior to increase or decrease the behaviors.

Intermittent

It is not always possible to use extinction for behavior because other people may occasionally reinforce it, putting the behavior on a ________ schedule?

Extinction Burst

When a behavior increases or worsens after extinction is applied

Spontaneous Recovery

Reappearance of a behavior that had previously been diminished

Reinforcing one behavior while eliminating another

DRA

DRI

Client is blocked from smashing food and is reinforced when food is put and kept in mouth, this is an example of what?

DRO

client is reinforced when they withhold from spitting for a set period of time

Punishment

Decreasing chance of Behavior

Overcorrection and Positive practice

Which procedures use positive punishment

ADDS

Positive punishment____ a adversive stimulus following a behavior

Positive practice

Child has to practice checking shoes at the door 5 times as a result of tracking mud into the house

restitutional overcorrection

student gets caught putting gum under her desk and then has to clean her desk and all the other desks

Time out and Response cost

what procedures use negative punishment

Positive reinforcement

time out is a withdrawal or removal of the opportunity to receive what for a specific amount of time?

Mand

What type of verbal operant leads to specific reinforcement

Vocal SD

this type of SD precedes an echoic response

Antecedent for a mand

motivation is always this

Listener responding

involves responding to mands of another. another name is receptive language

matching and imitating

2 skills that support the aquisition of verbal behavior

verbal stimulus

antecedent to a intraverbal behavior

non-verbal sensory stimulus

antecedent to a tact is

imitation

copying the behavior of another person

A: "DO this" B: imitates C: reinforcement of behavior

Motor imitation ABC

Non- Specific

should the SD for both gross motor and toy imitation be specific or non specific?

Oral Motor

imitation involves movements of mouth, tongue, lips, face, and head

Fine Motor Imitation

Includes pointing, thumbs up, squeezing, and pressing

A: verbal stimulus B: responds to stimulus C: non specific reinforcement

ABC for listener responding

Matching

When a learner is struggling with initial receptive language, a ________ prompt can be very effective

"If you are wearing a white shirt, sit down...etc

example of conditional direction

A: Verbal prompt B: responds to prompt C: non specific reinforcement

Verbal Imitation ABC

Verbal Imitation

Echoic Behavior is synonymous with?

Apraxia of Speech

motor speech programming disorder resulting in difficulty coordinating the oral-motor movements necessary to produce and combine phonemes to form syllables, words, etc

Y-AXIS

represents dependant measure

X AXIS

represents measure of time

Baseline

condition prior to the introduction of treatment

line graph

most commonly used graph in ABA

Mean, Level, Trend

Visual Inspection involves analyzing changes in:

Change in condition

What is a phase change line?

VBMAPP and Assessment of Basic Language

2 assessments most often used in ABA for verbal behavior

Touch this, show me, point to...

What are some variations of SD's for identification

Probe Data

taking data on the initial trial is called what?

Student will display less task avoidant behaviors because they contace reinforcement more often

What is the goal of errorless teaching?

True (transfer trial)

T/F : a transfer trial is when you re-present the instruction (SD) and then use a lesser prompt than the first

Re-present the SD simultaneously with a prompt to make sure they get it right

if a child answers incorrectly, what is a good general next step?

Intermittent

what schedule of reinforcement are only SOME of the correct responses reinforced?

Define the behavior

the first step in implementing any behavioral treatment is to...

Indirect and Direct measurement

2 general methods to assess behavioral changes

Outcome Recording

seeing if there is a permanent result in the environment, something that lasts

frequency

what is the most common event recording technique?

Indirect measurement

obtaining info about a behavior through interviews, rating scales, questions, surveys, etc

How long a behavior lasts

define duration

time between the SD and the response

define latency

Partial Interval Recording

Marking if the behavior occurs at ANY point in the interval