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What is the primary assessment? What are two more names for it? And what is the larger process called?
The primary assessment is finding and treating life threats.
Primary Survey and Initial Assessment
The primary assessment is the first step of the total assessment.
What are the steps of the Primary Assessment?
Form a general impression
Chief Complaint
Mental Assessment and SMR
ABCs
Determine the priority of the patient
What do you look for in the general impression?
Patient Age, Sex, Position, and level of distress.
Immediate life threats.
See if condition is Stable or Potentially Unstable
What does SMR stand for?
Spinal Motion Restriction
What is the mnemonic for mental status? What does each stand for?
AVPU
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive.
Are they alert? If not do they respond to verbal communication? If not do they respond to pain? If not they’re unresponsive.
Pain should be given by pinching the trapezoid muscle or the ear if clothing obstructs the traps.
What do we do if the patient is unresponsive?
We open the airway. Unresponsiveness is an indicator we need to open the airway.
How do we open the airway in medical patients vs trauma patients?
Medical Patients:
Head-tilt chin-lift. Hold top of head and press against chin tilting head back.
Trauma Patients:
Jaw-thrust. Grab their jaw on both sides.
What three things do we look at to see if the patient’s breathing is adequate?
Rate (doesn’t need to be exact measurement)
Rhythm
Quality. Effort needed to breath.
What is the Tripod Position?
What is it a sign of?
Seated, putting hands in front of groin area, and back arched leaning forward.
It’s a sign of respiratory distress
What is Levine’s Sign?
What is it a sign of?
Putting a clenched fist over the chest.
Indicates significant chest pain.
What is the test for confusion?
We check orientation to person, place, and time.
What are the four scenarios where we need to assist breathing?
Respiratory Arrest with a pulse. Perform rescue breathing
Not alert, breathing inadequate.
Alert, breathing inadequate,
Signs of respiratory distress or hypoxia.
We give BVM when breathing is inadequate (100% oxygen 10bpm)
When it’s adequate but distressed we give nonrebreater (100% oxygen 15 LPM)
What are the three things we look at whenever we are assessing circulation?
Bleeding. Swipe gloved hands from head to toes.
Pulse. Conscious: Radial. Unconscious: Carotid. Don’t start CPR on someone w a Carotid Pulse.
Skin (temperature, color, condition (moistness))
What are the levels of priority.
High Priority based on life threatening chief complaint or ABC abnormality.
Routine
Stable
Potentially Unstable. No sirens but don’t delay transport.
Unstable. Sirens.