Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Assumes that the whole person is constantly being motivated by one need or another and that people have the potential to grow toward psychological health.

Third Force

The term used to define this theory. First being psychoanalysis, second being behaviorism.

Holistic approach to motivation

Basic Assumption: The whole person, not any single part or function, is motivated.

Motivation is usually complex

Basic Assumption: A person’s behavior may spring from several separate motives.

People are continually motivated by one need or another

Basic Assumption: When one need is satisfied, it ordinarily loses its motivational power and is then replaced by another need.

All people everywhere are motivated by the same basic needs

Basic Assumption: Manner in which people of different cultures create may vary widely, but the fundamental needs are common to the species.

Needs can be arranged on a hierarchy

Basic Assumption: Maslow never argued for a pyramid in the visual representation of this.

Hierarchy of Needs

Assumes that lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs become motivators.

Conative Needs

Category of Need:  These needs have a striving or motivational character. Also known as basic needs that can be arranged on a hierarchy.

Physiological Needs

Conative Need: Includes food, water, oxygen, maintenance of body. Only needs that can be completely or overly satisfied.

Safety Needs

Conative Need: Includes physical security, stability, dependency, protection, and freedom from threats. Cannot be overly satisfied.

Basic Anxiety

When people are not successful in satisfying safety needs, they suffer from ___.

Love and Belongingness Needs

Conative Need: Such as the desire for friendship. The need for a mate and children, to belong to a family, neighborhood, or nation.

Do not panic when denied love

People who have had their love and belongingness needs satisfied from early years ___.

Incapable of giving love

Those who have never experienced love and belongingness are ___.

Strongly motivated to seek love.

People who have received love and belongingness in small doses are ___.

Esteem Needs

Conative Need: Include self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that other hold them in high esteem.

Reputation

Perception of prestige a person has achieved in the eyes of others.

Self-esteem

A person’s own feelings of worth and confidence.

Self-Actualization Needs

Conative Need:  Self-fulfillment, the realization of all one’s potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the word.

Aesthetic Needs

Category of Need: Not universal. The need for beauty and aesthetically pleasing experiences. Art for art’s sake.

Cognitive Needs

Category of Need: Desire to know, solve mysteries, understand, and be curious.

Neurotic Needs

Category of Need: Lead only to stagnation and pathology. Considered nonproductive.

Expressive behavior

Often unmotivated behavior. An end in itself and serves no other purpose than to be. Frequently unconscious and usually takes place naturally with little effort.

Coping behavior

Always motivated behavior. Conscious, effortful. Involves individual’s attempts to cope with the environment. Serves some aim or goal.

Metapathology

Absence of values, the lack of fulfillment, and loss of meaning in life.

Insctinctoid needs

Needs that are innately determined even though they can be modified by learning. Ignoring these produces pathology.

B-Values

Indicators of psychological health and are opposed to deficiency needs.

Metamotivation

Motives of self-actualizing people. Expressive than coping behavior that is associated with B-Values.

Peak Experiences

Are seldom noticed. Mystical in nature that gives people a feeling of transcendence.

Desacralization

Type of science that lacks emotion, joy, wonder, awe, and rapture.

Resacralize

To instill with human values, emotions, and ritual.

Taoistic Attitude

Maslow argued for a ___ for psychology. To be noninterfering, passive, and receptive. Replace prediction and control with sheer fascination.

Personal Orientation Inventory

Measures values and behaviors of self-actualizing people. Only inventory developed before Maslow’s death.

Jonah Complex

The fear of being one’s best. Attempts to run away from one’s destiny.

Positive Psychology

Combines an emphasis on hope, optimism, and well-being with scientific research and assessment. Focuses on how positive experiences affect one’s personality and life.