SMS-Final Unit 1 FULL

Give the two types of labour forms?

• Slavery

• Indentured Labour

On which year and date did Mauritius gained its independence?

On the 12th March 1968

On which year and date did Mauritius gained its independence?

On the 12the March 1992

What did the Europeans explore from the 15th century?

They explore the new sea route to the east

Why were they interested in what??

They were interested in cotton, silk, spices and other valuable goods

When was the abolition of slavery?

In 1835

Who was the first person to discovered the new sea route to the east??

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A Portuguese Explorer named Vasco Da Gama discovered the new sea route to the east.

Why did the Portuguese want to keep the monopoly on the spice trade???

Because it was incredibely profitable allowing them to control the price of trade in Europe.

For how many yars did the Portuguese had monopoly on the spice trade?

For almost a hundred years.

Why did the Europeans use our island Mauritius as a stop-over during their voyage to the East Indies?

• To repair their ships

• To have fresh water and food

• To rest

What is meant by the term ‘Monopoly’?

A monopoly is the exclusive possession or control of trade over a commodity or a service.

Why were the Europeans interested in spices?

• It was used fro medicinal purposes

• Help to preserve food.

What is meant by the term ‘Colonisation’?

Colonisation is the process of taking control of another country and rulling over it,

Why did the Portuguese colonised?

• Asia and Africa

What did Spain colonise??

They colonised the New World now known as the ‘Americas’

Name the 5 motives of colonisation

• Economics

• Resources

• Stategic

• New Territories

• Missionary

What is meant by the term ‘Economics’?

Colonies provided raw materials, markets goods and mineral, which brought great wealth to the colonising countries countries.

What is meant by the term ‘New Territories’?

Many countries competed for lands and territories as the larger the territories were the more power they gain.

What do you understand by the term ‘Strategic’?

Some colonises were taken away their geographical location as it could be useful during wars and important for trade.

What do you understand the term ‘Resources’?

New lands had new resources that would made the colonising countries and richer and stronger.

What do you understand by the term ‘Missionary’?

Europeans thought that they should spread Christianity and civilise the world, but it led to destruction of many languages and cultures.

In waht year Mauritius was colonised by the dutch?

In 1638

In what year did the French colonise Mauritius?

In 1715

In what year did the British colonise Mauritius?

In 1810

Give the dependencies of Mauritius after 1902?

• Mauritius

• Rodrigues

• Agalega

• Tromelin

• St Brandon

In which year was the Seycelles was ceased from Mauritius?

In the year of 1903

Give the 2 consequences of colonisation

• Extinction of dodo

• Divers population with different cultures

What is chattel slavery?

It is when peaple were treated as goods, they were brought and sold in markets.

Who are the chattel slaves???

Chattel Slaves also known as bien meuble had no rights and their children who ere born in Mauritius also belonged to their slave owner.

What is meant by the term enslave?

Enslave means to make a person slave by taking his/her freedom away and make him/her to work with no pay and under threats.

Where were the slaves working?

They worked in sugar mills and sugar plantation for long hours and difficult situation.

How many slaves belonged to the governement?

3000 slaved belonged the governement.

Where did those slaves worked?

They worked in ports and harbour. They fought as soldiers and built roads and bridges.

Why did the slaves died?

Because there was no proper hospitals for them and because of the poor health and diseases.

At which age the children of the slaves started to work???

At twelve years old.

Which two categrory of slaves died the most??

Women and Children

Were those kids allowed to go to school?

Nope.

Sincewhich year the French occupied Rodrigues?

Since the year 1725

Who was the most famous, biggest slave owner and the adminsitrater of Rodrigues name???

Philibert Maragon

How many hectares did he own out of how many?

He earned 42 hectars out of the hundred and sixty nine given to him.

How many slaves did he own?

Philibert Maragon owned 37 slaves.

Where was his hectares found and the name of the hectare place?

Between two hill named ‘Baie aux Huitres’ and ‘Mont Chalot’ called ‘L'Orangerie’.

What were the slaves in Rodrigues were allowed to?

• They were allowed to keep their religions and traditions

• They were not seperated from their faimiles

• They had free time.

How did the slaves at Mauritius protest against slavery?

• By running away and became marrons

• By trying to escape from the ships.

Who founded La Societe Des Amis Des Noirs?

Jean Jacque Brissot.

Who became the voice of the abolition of slavery in Britain?

William Wilberforce.

What are the Societe Des Amis Des Noirs and the Anti-Slavery Society?

They are organisations that works toward the abolition of slavery

What wee the new laws which were pass to improve the conditions of the slaves called?

Amelioration Laws

Give 2 examples of the ‘Amelioration Law’.

• Slaves could be registered on the island

• Flogging of women became illegal

• Slaves could own property

What were caled the slaves after the abolition of slavery?

They were called apprentices after the abolition of slavery.

What happened to the slaves population after they became apprentices?

• No schools were provided to them

• Some left their masters

• Some became fishermen, masons and carpenters

On which year and date were the slaves n Rodrigues were set free?

On the 4th June, 1839

What were they offered?

11/2 lb of salted fish per week, two conjarons, 3 piastres to men and 2 piastres to women.

What were they able to do also?

They were able to cultivate small garderns.

After the abolition of slavery, laborers were brought to Mauritius to work, from which area were they brought?

• Asian

• Africa

• India

From where in India?

From Pondicherry

From which year to which year where those eorkers wer brought?

They were brought from 1826 to 1910

Name two jobs some were doing?

• Artisans

• Planters

Who is an Indentured Labourer?

An Indentured Labourer is someone who signed a contract to work away from his/her country in Mauritius as an employee for one, three or five years

What do they have in return of working?

• They have wages

• Right to own land

What were their conditions of working?

Harsh and difficult.

What people used to reffer to the predicted labourer condition?

New system of slavery

How was the voyage of the Indian indentured labourers?

It was very painful as the ship was overcrowed and wit unhygienic condition.

Where did they landed and who was it called long ago or nowadays depending on your answer to the first question of this sentence?

Aapravasi Ghat/ Immigrant Depot.

What were they given when they arrived?

They were given fresh clothes.

Why were they given fresh clothes?

The officials were scared they might brought diseases.

What happened to those who actually had diseases?

They would be in quarantine on ‘Flat Island’ and ‘Cannoniers Point’.

For their lodging, where were they living?

In huts and in barracks.

What is a barrack??

A barrack is a long building with stone or straws walls and thatched roofs.

What was the wages/salary of an indian predicted labour?

Rs 5 per month.

What was their worst punishment?

Double Cut.

What sis meant by the term ‘Double Cut’?

Means that the worker's wages will be cut for two days if he was absent for one day. Even if he is sick ir late

During Duties, how many days they had to work?

6 Days per week.

What is the most busiest season?

The harvest season.

What did they do on Sundays??

They had to work 2 hours before 8 in the mornning to clear the rocky land as there were no machines or other equipmet at those times. This was upaid labour\.

What was it called?

Corvee

What happened to the number of women immigrants after 1842

The number of women immigrants increased.

What was the reason of women migration?

To encourage the male labourers to settle permnently

What did the women immigrants contribute in???

They contributed in the religious, cultural and social life and kept alive their traditions and customs of their religious homeland.

What was the most severe law for an immigrant?

The obligation of carrying a ticket.

What is a ticket?

A ticket is sort of identity card which contains the name of the immigrant and other of his/her details.

What would happened to an immigrant if he/she is found without a ticket?

He/she will be treated like a vagrant and would be arrested and imprisoned.

What is a vagrant?

A vagrant is a person who doesn’t have settled home or place who wonders from place to place and lived by begging

How did the predicted labourers fight against the harsh laws?

• By complaining to their Protectors Office

• By growing crops, rearing animals and later sold them to have money.

Mauritius population is comprised of who?

• Free Coloured People

• Colonist

• Slaves

What was the other name given to the ‘Coloured People’?

Gens de Couleur

Who were the ‘Coloured People’?

People who were borned free at Mauritius while being a mixed of Indian, European and African descent but were not equally treated as the other people.

What were the 2 discrimination they were facing?

• They weren’t allowed to go to school

• They weren’t allowed to sit together wth the Europeans at the Port Louis theatre

Who was Reverend Jean Lebrun and what did he do?

He was a missionary who taught the children of the free coloured people how to write and read.

What did Education allowed those children?

They became professional such a lawyers and doctors and worked among others.

Who was Remy Ollier??

He was a member of the free coloured people.\

What did education allowed Remy Ollier and the member of the frfee coloured people to do?

Education allowed them to later take part in politics and demand for the equal rights with the Europeans.

What was Missionary Jean Lebrun responsible for?

He was responsible of the eductation the ex-slaves’ children. He encouraged them to to stand up for their rights.

What did they do?

They sent letters to the British gorvernment for a better results.

What did the British Govrnment do after receiving those letters?

He decided to pass a law abolishing discrimination.

What happened when this law was introduced?

• Boys were finally be able to to to royal college in 1832

• The British Government gave them English Scolarship for further studies in unversities.

What was difficult after 1852?

It was hard to distinguish between the ex-slaves and the free coloured people as they were merged as one population

What was the most serious and deadly disease at that time?

Malaria.