Deficiency and toxicity symptoms of vitamins and minerals

Deficiencies of Vitamin A

• Night blindness

Deficiencies of Vitamin K

• Increased risk of osteoporosis

• Haemorrhaging

Deficiencies of Vitamin E

• Anaemia

• Impaired immune function

• Oxidative-stress related tissue damage

Deficiencies of Vitamin D

• Rickets

• Osteomalacia

Deficiencies of Vitamin B1 (thiamin)

• Beriberi

• Nervous and cardiac system dysfunction

Deficiencies of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

• Ariboflavinosis

• Dermatitis

• Stomatitis

• Glossitis

• Cheilosis

Deficiencies of Vitamin B3 (niacin)

• Pellagra (rough skin)

• Dermatitis

• Diarrhea

• Dementia

Deficiencies of Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

• Burning foot syndrome

• Neuritis

Deficiencies of Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

• Dermatitis

• Cheilosis

• Glossitis

• Stomatitis

• Nervous system dysfunction

Deficiencies of Vitamin B7 (biotin)

• Dermatitis

• Alopecia

• Nervous system dysfunction

• Hypotonia

Deficiencies of Vitamin B9 (folate)

• Megaloblastic anaemia

• Enlarged immature RBCs

• Diarrhea

Deficiencies of Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

• Megaloblastic anaemia

• Degeneration of peripheral nerves

Deficiencies of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

• Scurvy

• Impaired collagen formation

• Bleeding gums

• Ruptured capillaries

Deficiencies of Calcium

• Rickets (kids)

• Osteomalacia (adults)

• Osteoporosis

Deficiencies of Phosphorous

• Neuromuscular, skeletal, and cardiac manifestations

• Rickets (kids)

• Osteomalacia (adults)

Deficiencies of Magnesium

• Neuromuscular hyperexcitability

• CV effects

• CNS effects

Deficiencies of Iron

• Anaemia

• Fatigue

• Impaired work performance

• Decreased resistance to infection

Deficiencies of Zinc

• Poor wound healing

• Subnormal growth

• Loss of appetite

• Abnormal taste/smell

• Impaired reproductive system development

Deficiencies of Copper

• Anaemia

• Bone and blood abnormalities

• Impaired immune function

Deficiencies of Iodine

• Goitre (enlarged thyroid gland)

Deficiencies of Selenium

• Poor growth

• Cardiac myopathy

Deficiencies of Manganese

• Impaired growth

• Skeletal abnormalities

• Impaired CNS function

Deficiencies of Chromium

• Glucose intolerance

• Glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities

Deficiencies of Molybdenum

• Hypermethioninemia

• Sulfite excretion

Toxicity symptoms of Vitamin A

• GIT upset (acute)

• Liver damage (chronic)

• Foetal malformation (teratogenic)

Toxicity symptoms of Vitamin K

• Malabsorption of vitamin K in the GIT

Toxicity symptoms of Vitamin E

• Haemorrhaging

Toxicity symptoms of Vitamin D

• Bone demineralisation

• Hypercalcaemia