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Sovereign Community
A legal concept stating that the courts in a country represent the country's laws, and their decisions cannot be reversed by the decision of courts in other countries.
Legal concept that affects foreign countries
Eminent Domain
the right of a government or its agent to take away private property for public use, with payment of compensation.
Absolute privilege
An absolute defense to an otherwise defamatory statement because of the venue or context in which the statement was made.
Social Responsibility
An organization or individual has an obligation to act for the benefit of society at large.
Infringement
The action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.
Defamation
A statement that injures a third party's reputation.
National Labor Relations Act
to protect the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to lessen certain private sector labor and management practices
Vocational Rehabilitation Act
Was put in place to correct the problem of discrimination against people with disabilities in the United States.
Fair Labour Standards Act
A law that creates the right to a minimum wage, and "time-and-a-half" overtime pay when people work over forty hours a week.
Americans with Disabilities Act
A civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.
Does not allow employers to ask employees about potential medical history.
Consolidation
joining of two or more companies to form a new company
General Partnership
designed to combine capital, experience,
and the abilities of two or more people
Limited Partnership
permits a partner to invest in a business but have limited
liability and responsibility
Open Corporation
sells millions of shares of stock to many
stockholders
Intermediaries
Put buyers and sellers together without taking ownership of the product, service or property. They act as go-betweens.
Wholesalers
an intermediary who helps to move goods between producers and retailers by buying goods from producers and selling them to retailers
Industrial user
A business that buys materials, services, or goods which it will use to make other goods
indirect agent
intermediaries who assist in the sale and/or promotion of goods and services but do not take title to them
acquisition
Taking ownership of another business. Frequently used in conjunction with the word merger, as in mergers and acquisitions or M&As.
Strategic planning
is long-range planning (three to five years)
for the company as a whole
Tactical planning
is short-range planning (one year)
of specific actions the business will take
. Systematic planning
involves using a set of procedures to plan activities
Environmental planning
focuses on establishing goals and activities that affect the natural environment.
SWOT Analysis
describes
the business (or business owner's) strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
business plan
is a detailed document that serves as a blueprint or guide for developing the business.
promotional
plan
is the framework for the business's promotional activities
corporate philosophy
is often
documented and provides details about the business's core values and its mission.
Outsourcing
is acquiring assistance from individual consultants or outside
organizations to obtain goods and services to perform primary business activities.
cash flow statements
Businesspeople prepare ___________ to estimate when, where, and how much
money will flow into and out of a business during a certain period of time
collateral
security for repayment of a loan
Financial accounting
focuses on capturing, maintaining, preparing, and reporting financial information to external audiences. Examples of this include preparing tax data for the government and developing the annual report for the business's stakeholders.
annual report
usually
contains information about the business's long-term investment goals.
equity financing
stocks are sold to shareholders and those shareholders own a stake in the company
multiply the net profit margin (14.39%) by the asset turnover rate (1.0455) by the equity multiplier (2.0621) to obtain 31.02%
how to calculate ROE (return on equity)
Vertical analysis
is often used to show the relationship of each component to the total within a
single financial statement
net sales
is the base amount used for vertical analysis of items on the income statement
market
consists of customers or potential customers who have unfulfilled desires and are financially able and willing to satisfy those desires
economic system
is the organized way in which a nation handles its economic decisions and solves its economic problems
corporate chain
consists of a number of similar stores owned and managed by a corporate organization
cooperative
is a business that is owned and operated by its customers.
Customer profiles
are used by companies to create a clear picture of their target market for use in decision making.
data mining
is the process of searching computer databases for patterns of information and correlations or relationships among information.
demographics
are the physical and
social characteristics (e.g., age, gender, education) of a population or market segment
variance
is a measure of how data points differ from the mean
geometric mean or central tendency
is used in business to show average rates of growth
Logistics
refers to managing the flow of goods and services from production to consumption
variable expenses
Operating costs that fluctuate with changes in production are called
material flow, information flow, and money flow
The three types of flows in supply chain management are
distribution
The function of business that involves the moving, storing, locating, and/or transferring
ownership of goods and services is
accountable, responsible, consulted, and informed
ARCI stands for
Paradigm innovation
occurs when there is a significant change or shift in thinking
product, place, price, promotion
marketing mix (4 P's)
invoice
a bill
transit media
is a form of out-of-home advertising that businesses place in various
modes and locations of mass transportation
rebate
is a sales-promotion technique in which a business returns part of the price that a customer pays for a good or service
Sweepstakes
involve a game of chance in which a customer wins a prize
middle/mid-level
management that would determine what needed to be
done in order to enter the new market
executive/top-level
management is responsible for strategic planning, including making the decisions about entering a new market
Supervisory/first level
management who work directly with the employees carrying out the directions of top and mid-level management
dashboards
are technology applications that allow management to view and evaluate a process or activity as it occurs
human resource management
staffing, employee compensation and benefits, and defining/designing work.
operations management
refers to the administration of business practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization
yield
give way to arguments, demands, or pressure.
interest from an investment
point of sale
the place at which goods are retailed.
pilferage
a thief who steals without using violence
meet unlimited human wants
Economics is the study of how to
CPI (consumer price index)
measures changes in the price level of market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households
stipend
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
inelastic
(of demand or supply) insensitive to changes in price or income.
scarcity
the state of in short supply; shortage
letters of inquiry
is a letter written to request information and/or ascertain its authenticity
Transfer payments
are monies paid by the government in which no goods or services are received in exchange.
information management
management is the process of accessing, processing, maintaining, evaluating, and disseminating knowledge, facts, or data for the purpose of assisting business planning and decision making.