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Amines
Compounds derived from ammonia molecules that contain a nitrogen atom.
Primary Amines
Amines where one hydrogen in ammonia is replaced with an alkyl group.
Secondary Amines
Amines where two hydrogens in ammonia are replaced with alkyl groups.
Tertiary Amines
Amines where all three hydrogens in ammonia are replaced with alkyl groups.
Quaternary Amines
Amines with four alkyl groups around the nitrogen atom, which carries a positive charge.
Aromatic Amines
Primary amines that contain a benzene ring.
Aliphatic Amines
Non-aromatic amines, which do not contain a benzene ring.
Cationic Surfactants
Quaternary ammonia salts used in cleaning products with a long hydrocarbon tail.
Tetramethylammonium Chloride
An example of a cationic surfactant.
Emulsion
A mixture that allows oil and water to mix, facilitated by surfactants.
Static Removal
The process by which positive ammonium ions attract negatively charged hair and fibers to eliminate static.
Amines as Bases
Compounds that accept H+ ions due to a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen.
Coordinate Bond
A bond formed when both electrons come from the lone pair of an amine.
Electron Density
The availability of electrons on nitrogen, affecting the strength of the base.
Aromatic Amines
Less basic due to electron withdrawal into the benzene ring.
Aliphatic Amines
More basic due to electron donation from alkyl groups.
Nucleophiles
Compounds that can donate a lone pair of electrons, such as amines.
Preparation of Aliphatic Amines
Achieved by reacting halogenoalkanes with excess ammonia or reducing nitriles.
Catalytic Hydrogenation
A method to produce primary amines using hydrogen gas and a nickel or platinum catalyst.
Nitrobenzene Reduction
The process of converting nitrobenzene to an aromatic amine.
Amides
Derivatives of carboxylic acids with the functional group -CONH2.
N-Substituted Amides
Amides where one hydrogen is replaced with an alkyl group.
Production of Amides
Made from the reaction of an acyl chloride with ammonia.
Note 
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