Adult Health Exam 2 Review

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the Adult Health Exam 2 review, focusing on the genitourinary system, renal health, and related assessments.

Genitourinary System

The system in the body responsible for the generation of urine and the excretion of waste.

Renal Blood Flow

The flow of blood to the kidneys, which can be reduced with aging, leading to various renal changes.

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

A test to check how well the kidneys are filtering blood; a decrease is associated with kidney dysfunction.

Nocturnal Polyuria

Increased urine production at night, leading to potential dehydration and hypernatremia.

Assessment Methods

Methods to evaluate patient demographic information, health history, medications, and current health problems.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A measure of renal excretion of urea nitrogen that can indicate renal dysfunction when elevated.

Urinalysis

A test to assess urine color, clarity, odor, pH, specific gravity, glucose, and the presence of microorganisms.

Urinary Incontinence

Involuntary leakage of urine, often categorized into types such as stress, urge, and overflow incontinence.

Hydronephrosis

A condition where urine collects in the kidney due to obstruction, potentially causing kidney damage.

Nephrosclerosis

Thickening of nephron blood vessels, narrowing the vessel lumens and leading to decreased blood flow and kidney function.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

A progressive, irreversible decline in kidney function that can lead to end-stage kidney disease.

Diabetic Nephropathy

Kidney damage resulting from diabetes, characterized by increased levels of albumin in urine.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Rapid decline in kidney function due to factors like decreased blood flow, damage to kidney tissue, or obstruction.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder often caused by bacterial infection, presenting with symptoms similar to those of UTI.

Urothelial Cancer

Malignant tumors found in the urothelium lining, associated with symptoms such as hematuria.

Urolithiasis

The presence of stones (calculi) in the urinary tract, which can cause severe pain and obstruction.

Nephrectomy

Surgical removal of a kidney, which may be necessary in cases of severe kidney disease or injury.

Bladder Cancer

Cancer of the tissues of the bladder, often indicated by symptoms of hematuria and requiring surgical interventions.