Historical Influences and Political Thought (Greeks, Romans, Judeo-Christians, Enlightenment, Adam Smith, British Thought, and early American Confederation)

Flashcards cover key concepts from the notes: Solon and Greek reforms, Plato and Aristotle, Roman governance, Judeo-Christian influences, Enlightenment ideas, Adam Smith, British thought (Locke), and early American Confederation (Articles of Confederation) with focus on fill-in-the-blank recall.

Solon's reforms in 594 BCE canceled debts and freed debtors, but did not pursue __.

land redistribution

Solon's plan created an 'aristocracy of __' where the best and brightest held office.

intelligence

In Plato's Republic, the ruler who has total control of education and speech is the __.

Philosopher-King

Plato's Republic envisions a __ style living with no money.

commune

In Plato's Republic, women have equal but minimal __.

rights

In Plato's Republic, the State determines occupation and children are raised by the __.

State

Plato's Republic is sometimes described as an early version of __.

fascism

Aristotle's ultimate goal is to achieve maximum __ and moral perfection.

happiness

Aristotle argued that __ and virtuous people are a necessity for good government.

private property

In Aristotle's framework, a tyranny is a form of monarchy where the ruler seeks wealth and power, but a monarch seeks __.

honor

Aristocracy is the rule of the __.

best

Oligarchy is the rule of the __.

richest

Democracy is __ when unchecked; it is better when guided by virtuous aristocrats.

awful

A 'Democratic Republic' does not work well if people are not __.

educated

The division of power in Rome during the Republic is known as the __ (Cursus Honorum).

Cursus Honorum

The Roman official who can call the Senate, veto, and lead the army, with two serving at a time, is the __.

Consul

The official who administers the law in an equal fashion as judge, with public attorney duties, is the __.

Praetor

The Roman officials responsible for roads, food, and water were the __, and there were four at a time.

Aediles

In times of crisis, Rome could appoint a __ for a limited period to take necessary actions and then return power to the Senate.

Dictator

The Judeo-Christian belief in the __ of the individual soul underpins individual rights.

supremacy

The Enlightenment Era emphasized natural rights such as life, liberty, and __.

property

Adam Smith argued that wealth is created by the __ of labor and that mercantilism should be discouraged.

specialization

The Gilligan's Island example illustrates how __ of labor can increase efficiency.

specialization

John Locke's Treatise on Government (1690) argued natural rights include life, liberty, and __.

property

The United States' first governing framework was the __, described as a 'firm league of friendship' among independent states.

Articles of Confederation

Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress could not __ or raise a national army, reflecting a weak central government.

tax