immunohematology / blood banking

blood groups

immunohematology is A branch of immunology which deals with the uses of immunologic principles to study and identify the different _?

blood bank

A separate area in a CLIN. Lab. hospital where blood is collected from donors.

ABO, Rh

blood bank performs ? and ? typing

Karl Landsteiner

ABO Blood group system was discovered by ?

Karl_Landsteiner

He categorized the blood groups as A, B, and O

Based on the presence of agglutinating antibodies in the

serum/plasma of individuals who do not possess the

corresponding ABO antigen.

Alfred von de castelo and Adriano Sturli

AB-4th major ABO blood typing was discovered by

cell typing (direct or forward typing)

determine antigens in RBCs of an individual by using commercially prepared antisera of known specificity

serum typing (backward or indirect typing0

determine antibodies in the plasma/serum off an individual by using RBCs of known specificity

karl landsteiner and alexander weiner (1940)

Rh blood group system was discovered by

rhesus macaque

they injected rabbits with _ monkey RBCs and Rh antibodies were produced

D antigen

most important immunogenic antigen

Rh typing

based on the presence and absence of the D Antigen on the surface of RBCs using commercially prepared anti-D antisera

blood typing and crossmatching

a procedure that must be done to prevent harmful transfusion reactions between the recipient blood and donor blood

compatibility test

a series of procedures designed to ensure the safety of transferring blood. it must be performed before the transfusion of blood components

major crossmatching

compatibility test - patient serum is mixed with the donor RBCs. detects if there are antibodies in the patient serum that can destroy the transfused RBCs from the donor (PS-DR)

minor crossmatching

compatibility test - patient RBCs are mixed with the donor serum. detects if there are antibodies in the donor serum that can destroy the patients RBCs (PR-DS)

hemorrhagic shock

losing an excessive amount of blood is called?

whole blood

blood component with an indication of

• acute blood loss

• exchange transfusions

• emergency conditions

packed red blood cell

blood component with an indication of: anemic conditions with hypoxia

washed packed red blood cell (PRBC)

blood component with an indication of:

• sensitivity to plasma proteins

• IgA deficient patients (anaphylaxis)

• PNH / removal of complement factors

leukocyte reduced prbc

blood component with an indication of:

• febrile transfusion reactions

• cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection

frozen prbc

blood component with an indication of:

• unusual blood types

• multiple red cell antibodies

• autologous transfusion

irradiated prbc

blood component with an indication of:

• avoidance GVHD

fresh frozen plasma

blood component with an indication of:

• severe bleeding in unknown factor deficiency

• complex coagulation factor deficiency / DIC

• thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

platelet concentrate

blood component with an indication of:

• thromboctyopenia

• platelet dysfunction

• DIC

cryoprecipitate

blood component with an indication of:

• fibrinogen and factor VIII supplementation

• vonWillebrand disease

factor VIII concentrate

blood component with an indication of:

• hemophilia A

effect:

• stops the bleeding, prevents hemorrhage and articular lesions

factor IX concentrate

blood component with an indication of:

• hemophilia B