ALL APHG VOCABBBBB

Abiotic

Composed of nonliving or inorganic matter

Absolute Location

Description of the position of a place in a way that never changes, such as geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude.

Assimilation

When a group slowly changes to look like another group.

Biotic

Composed of living organisms.

Climate

The long term average weather condition at a particular location.

Biosphere

Zone of the earth including all living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.

Behavioral Geography

The approach to geography that shows the importance of understanding the basis for individual human actions in space.

Atmosphere

The thin layer of gases surrounding earth.

Environmental Determinism

A 19th century approach that argued that the general laws human geographers used could be found in physical science. (Physical environment affects human activities.)

Acculturation

Changes in culture that result from meeting of two groups each of which retains distinct cultural features.

Choropleth map

A map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the variable.

Concentration

The extent of a feature's spread over a given area.

Coordinated Universal Time

Time in the prime meridian, or 0 degree longitude (Greenwich Mean Time).

Cartograph

The science of making maps.

Connection

The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

Citizen Science

Scientific research by amateur scientists.

Contagious diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or a trend throughout a population.

Dot distribution map

A map that depicts data that consists of discrete observations. Each dot represents a predetermined number of observations, which could be one or many.

Culture

Body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people.

Cartogram

A map in which sizes of countries are distorted based on size of population or GDP…

Cultural Ecology

A geographic approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

Ecology

The scientific study of ecosystems.

Ecosystem

A group of living organisms and abiotic spheres with which they interact.

Density

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.

Cultural Landscape

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

Distribution

The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.

Distance Decay

The diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

Functional region (nodal region)

An area organized around a node or focal point.

Formal region

An area in which most people share in one or more distinctive characteristics.

Diffusion

The process by which a feature spreads from one place to another over time.

Expansion Diffusion

The spread of a culture or idea from one area to another.

International Date Line

An arc that for the most part follows 180 longitude. When heading east towards USA, clock moves back 24 hours.

Geographic Information System

A computer system that captures, stores, queries, and displays geographic data.

Geographic Information Science (GIScience)

Analysis of data about the earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

Hearth

A place from which an innovation originates.

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.

Globalization

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.

Graduated Symbol Map

A map that displays symbols that change in size according to the value of the variable.

Humanistic Geography

An approach to human geography that specializes in the different ways humans form ideas about places and gives those places symbolic meaning.

Hierarchical diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places

Hydrosphere

all water on or near the earth's surface

Lithosphere

Earth's crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust

Location

the position of anything on earth's surface

Latitude

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (0 degrees)

Isoline map

a map that connects places of a particular value by lines

Map Scale

The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.

Geotagging

identification and storage of a piece of info by its precise latitude and longitude cords

Longitude

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian

Meme

Contagious diffusion through the internet or social media

Mental map

A representation of earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place that contains personal impressions of what is in the the place and where the place is located

Map

A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of earth's surface or a portion of it.

Network

A chain of communication that connects places

Mashup

A map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service

Place

A specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic

Parallel

The name given to a portion of earth's surface

Pattern

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a particular area

Nonrenewable resource

A resource that is produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans

Photogrammetry

the science of taking measurements of earth's surface from photographs

Remote sensing

the acquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods

Participatory (PGIS)

Community-based mapping, representing local knowledge and information

Poststructuralist geography

geographic approach that examines how the powerful in a society dominate, or seek control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space

Polder

Land that the Dutch have created by draining water from an area.

Possibilism

the theory that the physical environment sets limits on human actions but people have the ability to adjust to the environment and choose a course of action from other alts.

Relocation diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another

Region

An area distinguished by one or more distinctive characteristics

Preservation

maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible

Prime Meridian

0 longitude, passes through Greenwich, England

Projection

A system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.

Meridian

An arc drawn on the map from north pole to south pole

Renewable Resource

A resource that is produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.

Resource

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use

Site

the physical character of a place

Scale

The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied as a whole

Situation (Relative Location)

the location of a place relative to another place

Space

The physical gap or interval between two objects.

Spatial association

The relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature

Transnational corporation

A company that operates in many different countries outside of where their headquarters are located

Syncretism

The combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature.

uneven development

Increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of globalization of the economy

Toponym

the increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy

Vernacular region/Perceptual Region

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity pg 17

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)

the use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that don't constrain resources use in the future

Demography (pg. 48)

The scientific study of population characteristics

Arithmetic Density

The total number of people divided by the total land area

Agricultural density

the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land (land suitable for agriculture)

Crude Death rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society

Arable Land

Land suited for agriculture

epidemiologic transition

The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition. (Pg.66)

Ecumene

The portion of earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

Antinatlist Policy (pg. 69)

Government policy that supports lower birth rates

Medical Revolution (pg. 58)

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.

Doubling Time

The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality

Industrial Revolution (pg 58)

series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

Life expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live

Carrying Capacity (pg. 48)

The population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

infant mortality rate (IMR)

the total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Pandemic

An epidemic that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population at the same time

Maternal Mortality Rate

the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes)

Natural increase rate (NIR)

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate