dna unit test study

Dna has what shape?

Double Helix

What is the base pair rule that combine together in DNA.

Adenine pairs with Thymine Cytosine pairs with Guanine

A Nucleotide has these three parts in it

Base, Phosphate and Deoxyribose

If a sample of DNA has 22% Adenine, it will have this much Cytosine

28%

This is the name of the scientist who used X - ray crystallography to provide crucial data for determining the shape of DNA

Rosalind Franklin

What is the organelle where DNA Replication occurs

Nucleus

bruh

What enzyme is responsible for "reading" DNA and "Writing" new copies of the DNA during DNA Replication

DNA Polymerase

What enzyme is responsible for "unzipping" DNA strands in order to prepare for DNA Replication

Helicase

This means that each half of a replicated strand of DNA is made of half new nucleotides and half old nucleotides

Semiconservative

The DNA Sequence 

A - G - A - C - A - G - G - G - T - A - T - C

Has this many Codons?

four

What is the process of "Reading" DNA and "Writing RNA" 

(Also known as RNA Synthesis)

Transcription

What is the process of "Reading" RNA and "Writing" proteins (Also known as Protein Synthesis)

Translation

This RNA strand codes for what?

G - A - A - C - G - U - U - A - C - U - G - A

Glutamic Acid, Arginine, Tyrosine, and STOP

What is the organelle where proteins are made

Ribosome

What are the four bases found in RNA

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Uracil

What are the three types of RNA

rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA

An RNA nucleotide is made up of what parts?

Ribose, Phosphate, and Base

bruh

What are the three Stop codons (as expressed by mRNA)

U - A - A, U - A - G, U - G - A

This is the kind of mutation undergone by this sample of DNA

Original (A - G - T - A - A - C - T - G - G)

Mutated (A - G - C - A - A - C - T - G - G)

substitution mutation

What type of mutation alters the number or structure of entire chromosomes?

Chromosomal Mutation

The following is a (beneficial, Harmful, Neutral) mutation:

Original: A - U - C

Mutation: A - U - A

Neutral Mutation

This is the kind of mutation undergone by this sample of DNA

Original (A - G - T - A - A - C - T - G - G)

Mutated (A - G - T - C - A - A - C - T - G - G)

frameshift (insertion) mutation

What type of mutation typically has the least impact on an organism

substitution mutation

Deoxyibose

Sugar in DNA that helps build it’s structure

Base

part of DNA that carries genetic information and pairs with another base.

Base pair rule DNA

Adenine-Thymine, Cytosine-Guanine

Base Pair Rule RNA

Adenine-Uracil, Cytosine-Guanine

Nucleotide

Building block of DNA and RNA, made out of sugar, a base and a phosphate group

Anti-parallel

Two strands of DNA run in opposite directions, 3-5 and 5-3

DNA polymerase

enzyme that builds new DNA strands during DNA replication

RNA

a molecule that helps carry out the instructions in DNA to make proteins

Amino acid

a small molecule that joins with others to build proteins in the body.

Codon

three RNA bases that tells the cell which amino acid to add next when making a protein.

Anti-codon

a set of three bases on tRNA that matches with a codon on mRNA during protein making.