cbr 01.1 - definitions

define **category of aircraft**

A categorization of aircraft according to **specified basic characteristics**; for example:

* aeroplane
* powered-lift
* helicopter
* airship
* sailplane
* free balloon

(according to EU regulation Annex 1)

define **type of aircraft**

* A categorization of aircraft requiring a **type rating** as determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance w/ Part 21


* Include all aircraft of the same basic design including all modifications, except those that result in a change in handling or flight characteristics
* **EX:** Large turboprops and turbojets of any size

define **class of aeroplane**

Categorization of single-pilot aeroplanes not requiring a type rating

* **EX:**
* Single-Engine Land
* Single-Engine Sea
* Multi-Engine Land
* Multi-Engine Sea

define **cross-country flight**

A flight between a point of departure and a point of arrival following a pre-planned route, using standard navigation procedures

define **dual-instruction time**

Flight time or instrument ground time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from a properly authorized instructor

define **flight time (airplanes)**

The total time from the moment an aircraft first moves for the purpose of taking off, until the moment it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight

define **solo flight time**

The flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of the flight

define **night**

The period between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight

define **instrument flight time**

The time during which a pilot is controlling an aircraft in flight solely by reference to instruments

define **instrument ground time**

The time during which a pilot is receiving instruction in **simulated instrument flight**, in **flight simulation training devices (FSTD)**

define **skill test**

The demonstration of skill for a licence or rating issue, including such oral examination as may be required

define **proficiency check**

The demonstration of skill to **revalidate or renew** ratings or privileges, and including such oral examination as may be required

define **private pilot**

A pilot that holds a licence which prohibits the piloting of aircraft in operations for which remuneration is given, with the exclusion of instruction or examination activities

define **student pilot-in-command (spic)**

A student pilot acting as **Pilot-In-Command (PIC)** on a flight with an instructor where the latter will only observe the student pilot and shall not influence or control the flight of the aircraft

define **revalidation**

The administrative action taken within the period of validity of a rating or certificate which allows the holder to continue to exercise the privileges of a rating or certificate for a further specified period consequent upon the fulfillment of specified requirementsd

define **renewal**

The administrative action taken **after** a rating or certificate has lapsed

define **instrument rating (IR)**

Enables the holder to fly during **Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)** with a minimum decision height of 200 ft (60m).

* If it is a **multi-engine IR,** those privileges can be extended to decision heights lower than 200 ft, provided the holder has passed the appropriate skill test

Requirements to apply for IR

* Private Pilot License in the appropriate category
* Night Rating if they want to use IR privileges at night OR
* ATPL in another category

Alternatively

* Possess a CPL in the appropriate category

IR flight time requirements

* 100 hours of total flight time
* 50 hours of cross-country flight as PIC
* At least **10 hours** must be in airplanes

Validity of Instrument Rating

* 1 year
* Revalidation should be done within **3 months before expiry date**
* If revalidation is done earlier, new validity period starts on the **date of the proficiency check**
* Cannot exercise privileges until passing the test

IR Renewal Requirements

* Take refresher training at approved training organization (if necessary)
* Pass proficiency check
* Hold appropriate class or type rating
* **Note:** If IR has not been revalidated/renewed within **last 7 years,** holder must pass the IR theoretical knowledge exam and skill test again

Alternate ways to gain IFR

* Competency-based modular training course
* Competency-Based Instrument Rating (CB-IR(A)) = IR(A)

Competency-Based Instrument Rating (CB-IR(A)) = IR(A)

* Intended for pilots that hold a PPL or CPL
* Have instrument experience
* Previous experience credited
* Competency-based (learning objectives) as opposed to specified amount of flight time or instruction

Basid Instrument Rating

* Grants holder privilege to fly IFR on single-pilot aeroplanes with restrictions:
* Cannot fly high-performance aeroplanes
* Intended for PPL (A) holders
* Less demanding than IR(A)

define **pre-flight actions**

Getting familiar with all significant information available for the planned flight

For IFR

* Studying weather reports and forecasts
* Analysing fuel requirements and planning emergency alternative course of action

define **position reports**

Used to provide ATS units with information about the completion of the flight plan

* Must report over **compulsory reporting points**
* Exception: If advised by the ATSU; already under radar control

what is included in position reports

* Aircraft identification
* Position
* Time
* Flight level
* Next position
* Estimated time of the next position
* Position following the next position

define simulated instrument flight

* doubled, fully functional countrols
* safety pilot
* qualified to act as PIC
* ready to take control
* has full vision (may be aided by an observer)

options when weather deteriorates

* switch to IFR
* request clearance to continue in VMC
* notify ATC and land/leave airspace
* request SVFR clearance

what occurs if there is a communication loss

* ATC will try to confirm by asking the pilot to perform a manoeuvre or send a specific signal
* If aircraft does not respond accordingly, ATC will send blind instructions
* Meanwhile, pilot should take appropriate actions to recover from the situation

communication loss during an air traffic pattern

ATC should employ light signals to guide it

communication failure in VMC

1. continue in VMC to the nearest aerodrome
2. land
3. inform ATC

communication failure in IMC **under radar control**

1. set the transponder to mode A code 7600
2. Keep the last assigned level and speed for 7 minutes

communication failure in IMC **outside of radar control**

1. set the transponder to mode A code 7600
2. Keep the last assigned level and speed for 20 minutes
3. Change speed and level according to the flight plan
4. Continue to the destination aerodrome
5. Perform an instrument approach at Expected Approach Time (EAT) or ETA
6. Land within 30 minutes