Mid sem exam – Topics: Cuore, national unification, Futurism, and congiuntivo vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering Cuore, national unification, Italian patriotic education, Futurism, and congiuntivo usage from the notes.

Cuore

A novel by Edmondo De Amicis used in schools for patriotic education after Italy’s unification.

Scuola della Nuova Italia e Cuore

Texts introduced in schools to educate patriotism and foster national belonging after unification.

Unificazione d’Italia (1861)

The process of unifying Italy; created a need for a shared national identity across diverse regions.

Identità nazionale

The sense of national identity promoted through education and literature after unification.

Appartenenza

Belonging; the sense of being part of a nation.

Nazionalismo

Nationalism; promotion of pride and loyalty to the nation.

Sacrificio per la patria

Sacrifice for the homeland; a value promoted by the texts.

Solidarietà

Solidarity; unity and mutual support among people.

Disciplina

Discipline; order and obedience as civic virtue.

Modello morale e civico

Moral and civic model; a standard of behavior promoted by Cuore’s stories.

Unità nella diversità

Unity in diversity; showing that different regions can be united.

Forti

Strong; used to describe regional differences as significant.

Valori

Values promoted by the texts (e.g., nationalism, sacrifice, solidarity, discipline).

Promuovere

To promote (values such as nationalism, sacrifice, solidarity).

Promuovevano

They promoted (past tense).

Diffondere

To spread (values, national identity).

Diffondono

They spread (present).

Raccontare

To tell/narrate (stories about students from various regions).

Raccontava

It told (narrated in the past).

Mostrare

To show/illustrate (unity in diversity).

Mostrando

Showing/illustrating (the act of showing).

Glossary: Modello morale e civico

Moral and civic model; a frame of reference for citizens.

Congiuntivo presente

Present subjunctive; used to express doubt, emotion, desire, necessity after certain expressions or conjunctions.

Congiuntivo passato

Past subjunctive; used for actions in the past within contexts of doubt, emotion, or opinion.

AVERE (with most verbs) vs ESSERE (motion/reflexive/intransitive)

In the subjunctive, use avere with most verbs and essere with motion, reflexive, or intransitive verbs.

Futurism

An early 20th-century avant-garde movement celebrating modernity, speed, and technology; breaks with traditional art.

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

Founder of Futurism and author of its key manifestos.

Manifesto: La bellezza della velocità

1909 Futurist manifesto proclaiming speed as the beauty of modern life and the machine as central to art.

Soggetti in movimento

Subjects in motion; Futurist painters depict movement rather than stillness.

Rottura con la prospettiva tradizionale

Break with traditional perspective; depth and classical rules are abandoned.

Simultaneità

Simultaneity; overlapping moments and intersecting spaces in art.

Corpi sovrapposti

Overlapping bodies; multiple images of the same subject in one painting to convey movement.

Colori forti

Bright, strong colors used to energize the work.

Architettura futurista

Futurist architecture; buildings designed like machines, emphasizing movement and modernity.

Città verticale

Vertical city; skyscrapers, walkways, and modern transportation.

Linee nette

Sharp, clean lines; minimalist decoration in design.

Materiali moderni

Modern materials (concrete, glass, steel) used in construction and design.

Eroismo

Heroism; courage in daily life, war, and progress.

Avanguardia

Avant-garde; movements and ideas at the cutting edge of art and culture.