AP Chemistry - Equilibrium
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22 Terms
Equilibrium
the forward and reverse reactions are proceeding at the same rate
What happens once equilibrium is achieved?
the amount of each reactant and product remains constant
Chemical Equilibrium
occurs when a reaction and its reverse reaction proceed a the same rate
How do we signify equilibrium?
with a double arrow
What must happen for equilibrium to occur?
no reactants or products can escape the container
What happens to the concentrations with equilibrium?
At equilibrium, the [reactants] and [products] no longer change with time, the ratio of concentration equals a constant Keq
The Haber Process
the industrial preparation of ammonia
What are both affected by temperature?
The equilibrium expression and the equilibrium constant
Equilibrium Expression
A mathematical representation of the relationship between the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium, expressed as a ratio.
Equilibrium Constant
A numerical value that expresses the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium for a given reaction at a specific temperature.
Is Keq affected by initial concentrations of reactants and products?
No
When moles of gas is the same on both sides of the equation…
Kc=KP
If K>1…
the reaction favors products
If K<1…
the reaction favors reactants
Homogenous Equilibria
occur when all reactants and products are in the same phase
Heterogenous Equilibria
occur when something in the equilibrium is in a different phase
What happens to the concentration (M) of pure solids or pure liquids that are a part of a heterogenous equilibrium during chemical reactions?
They do not change, so the equilibrium-constant expression only includes terms for reactants or products whose concentrations can change
How do we know if a mixture is at equilibrium and which way the reaction will go?
We calculate the reaction quotient, Q and compare it to the equilibrium constant, K
How to calculate Q…
Substitute the concentrations of reactants and products at any point during a reaction into the equilibrium expression
Q<K
the reaction proceeds to the products
Q=K
the reaction is at equilibrium
Q>K
the reaction will proceed to the reactants
