India Multiple Choice Test

Polytheistic- Hinduism Terms

• Millions of gods to worship

• Jews and Christians believe in one god

Dharma- Hinduism Terms

• A Hindu needs to do certain jobs and has duties you need to compete

• Your responsibilities to contribute to society 

Karma- Hinduism Terms

• What you put into the world comes back to you

• Karma affects reincarnation placement 

• Interactions with others in your daily life

Moksha- Hinduism Terms

• When you die the Atman will be reincarnated multiple times until you reach the ultimate goal Moksha

• Brahman- is your universal Soul

• The ultimate goal of reincarnation is your ataman Brahman (universal soul)

• The goal is that your atman will make its way up to Moksha

• Moksha is when you escape the reincarnation cycle and your are reunited with your Brahman (universal soul)

Amritsar Date

•  April 13th, 1919

Golden Temple- Amritsar

• Riots occurred in the Golden Temple which is in Amritsar

• Sacred temple for Sikhs

Dyer

• General Reginald Dyer orchestrated the massacre

• He marches into the Garden and fires 1,650 bullets into an unarmed crowd

Dyer’s Justification (Meetings Ban)- Amritsar

• The Indian people violated the “no meetings” rule

• No meetings allowed 

• (law put in place)

Previous events- Amritsar

• Events prior in the article

• Anti-British riots in day leading up to the Amritsar massacre

• The Indians had small uprisings/little bit of violence

• Killing of 3 British soldiers 

• It made General Dyer jumpy

Results of Amritsar

• More people joined the INC and All-Muslim League

• Turning point for the INC, non-violent movement, independence

• After all of those people died we saw a lot more movement

Destination- Salt March

• Dandi

Date- Salt March

• April 13th, 1930 (same day as Armiristar but 11 years after)

Reason- Salt March

• Gandhi and his followers marched 200 miles to make salt

• Was to protest the law against banning Indians

• His Philosophy: They want to provoke a violent British response or, If we don’t cooperate economically British will just leave (not working)

Sepoy Rebellion of 1857: reasons

• Sepoy is an Indian employed soldier by the British to fight against the Indians

• The musket gunpowder packets were greased with cow fat (cows are sacred) and this caused the sepoys to revolt with the other Indians against the BEIC

Post-partition violence and migration

• 14 misplaced in the wrong countries

• 1 million dead as a result of the post-partition violence

Early European competition for India (all are true except)

•  These 3 nations were already there before the BEIC

1. Portugal

2. France

3. Netherlands

PNF

British relations with the Mughals

• Early India was already owned by the Mughal Empire

• The relationship was good at first as trading partners for 150 years

• As the Mughals weakened, the company took over more land making the realtionship bad

  So…

Pakistan’s role in Afghan war vs USSR

• Trained/ gave weapons to the Mujahedeen to defeat the soviets

• Afghans wins and Soviets lose and retreat

Zia’s Death

• A mysterious plane crash/assassination?

Soft Targets (7)- 2008 Mumbai attacks

• 2 hotels

• 2 Hospitals

• 1 restaurant

• 1 Jewish center

• 1 train/ railway station

HHRJT

Execution- 2008 Mumbai attacks

• Lashkar got there by hijacking a fishing boat and then arrived via rubber rafts

Group responsible- 2008 Mumbai attacks

• Lashkar E-Taiba

Kashmir situation

• 3 wars in Kashmir 

• 1 war over in Bangladesh (3rd in 1971)

Foundation of Conflict- Kashmir situation

• A princely state that had a Hindu monarch, yet the majority of the population is Muslim

• Creating conflict between who would receive Kashmir as theirs

1971 war and establishment of Bangladesh

• Bengalis (East Pakistan) revolted against Pakistan in 1971 to form their own nation in Bangladesh

• India supported Bengalis

• As a result of the 1971 (3rd) war in East Pakistan Bangladesh was formed

UK WWII impact on decision to leave India (1947)

• The toll WW2 had on the British factors into them leaving, as this had a large economic burden in debt 

• Couldn't afford to keep fighting the Indians as they were bankrupt 

Khalistan- Indira Gandhi

• The Skih’s wanted to form there own country in Khalistan

Her assassination- Indira Gandhi

• Killed by Her Sikh bodyguards and was shot by them 33 times (more than 30 bullets) because of Operation Blue star

Operation Blue star- Indira Gandhi

• Indira order Operation blue star to kill/ attack/ capture the Shik rebels involved in the Khalistan movement

Golden Temple- Indira Gandhi

• The base of the Khalistan movement as they amassed weapons there

His assassination- Rajiv Gandhi

• Assassinated by a explosive device being worn by a tamil women for his support of the Sri Lanka government(Bhudist) against the Tamil 

• If the Tamils win they might spark and uprsing in Inida and overthrow him

Purpose of violence/ rationale for his actions- Muhammad Gandhi

1. He wanted the British to revolt in a violent reaction

2. Strikes and boycotts send the message that governing over India isn’t worth it

• He wanted to also provoke violent responses that would expose British brutality

• By using non-cooperation being boycotting the British he hoped to convince the British the uselessness of trying to rule India

His assassination- Muhammad Gandhi

• Killed by a Hindu nationalist because he was being too nice to the Muslim population

• Was angered over Gandhi's stance on not partitioning India into Muslim/Hindu states

Modi and US ban

• He was banned from entering the US for a time because he failed to stop the Anti-Muslim riots

US interests in India

• The US sees India:

1. as a vital trade partner

2. a big new market

3. a needed ally on climate change

4. also an against China

Zia and execution of Bhutto

• After the coup Zia orchestrated, they also led a trial to the hanging of Bhutto

  Why?

US reaction to nuclearization of India and Pakistan

• The US put sanctions on both India and Pakistan after their nuclear tests

Jinnah and his opinion on partition

• He wanted to have one unified India at first but then after seeing the results of the election in 1930’s he thought the partition was necessary

Calcutta Killings of 1946

• Hindus kill thousands of Muslim rioters in Calcutta

• It was a clear partition needed to occur

• Marked the end of one unified India

Cyril Radcliffe

•  The lawyer who drew up the map for India and Pakistan but did so very poorly

Lord Mounnabouten

• The last British viceroy who oversaw the partition of India

Article 370- revoked and motivations

• Took away Article 370 and that is biggest concern was to allow more Hindus to migrate into Kashmir to change the geography, to make him win more votes in future

• Modi’s decision to revoke 370 paves the way for unrestricted Hindu migration to Kashmir to try to level the population

• Taking away the semi-autonomous caused status in Kashmir causing so much chaos and anger among Muslims

• He says that its to have less terrorists. and separatism but in relaity he just wnated to have more Hindus them muslims in the fueature

Which do I need to know?

Modi and CAA

• Everybody has a pathway to citizenship except the Muslims

• Raised fears among Muslims b/c it allows a path to citizenship if you have lived in India for 11 years 

• If you can prove you have come from Pakistan, Afghanistan, or Bangladesh it way only 6 years

• He is adding to the tension between Muslims and Hindus

• This act resulted in the stripping of many Indian Muslims citizenship by designating them as foreigners

Modi and Gujarat riots

• He was banned form using the US because he failed to stop the anti-Muslim riots

Modi as Hindu Nationalist

• The best description of him is a Hindu nationalist

• He believes India should be a Hindu state

Nehru/ Indira Gandhi in Cold War

• Team non-aligned status between the US and Soviet Union Cold War

Which cold war?

Zias Islaminaazitons

• He wanted to bring everything back to Muslim/Religious law back to Pakistan. It was one of Zia’s key things he had done in his 11 years
  He brought back segregation in schools. Women and men could not go to the same school. imposes Sharia - islamic law

• Executes: he hangs Zufikar ali- Butto who was the leader before after the coup

  So Buhtto, then Zia?

Hinduism Article on Valmiki caste- know it all

• More than 300 members of the caste have died working as sewer cleaners this past year

• The manual scavenging performed by this caste has been outlawed since 1955 but it is still often practiced 

• Many women in this caste collect feces from holes in people’s homes

Cow Vigilante Article: What is happening?

• Cow vigilantism is the activity of harming or killing a person who has slaughtered cattle

• This practice is surging in India now

• Muslims are typically the victims of this vigilantism

India Court decisions regarding gender/human rights- from article (all except)

• The court has overturned a law which had criminalized adultery in India

• The court ruled that the Hindu temples cannot ban women or men from praying in a temple no matter what circumstance (girls on their periods)

• The court overturned a law which had criminalized homosexuality In India