Earth 20 - RLS for Catastrophes

Haitian Earthquake

2010
223k killed
Magnitude 7.0
Transform boundary --> North American + Caribbean

Indonesian (Sumatra) Earthquake

2004
228k killed
Magnitude 9.1
Caused following tsunami
cost $13 billion

Tohoku Earthquake

2011
16k killed
Magnitude 9.0
Caused following tsunami
cost $423.7 billion

Chile Earthquake

1960
2000 killed
Magnitude 9.5
Caused following tsunami
Cost $4.8 billion

Loma Prieta Earthquake

1989
63 killed
Magnitude 7.1
Water mains broke during shaking and couldn't fight fire

San Francisco Earthquake

1906
Magnitude 7.9
Water mains broke and couldn't fight fire
Most damage to structures was from fires not actual earthquake

Mt. Unzen

Japan
Pyroclastic flow as a result of lava dome collapse

Mt St Helens

1980
Washington
Composite volcano
Both andesitic and rhyolitic
Lateral Blast
Earthquake --> landslide --> uncapped pressurized magma = eruption
57 killed
150 sq m of timber flattened
Cost > $1 billion

Lake Nyos

Cameroon, W Africa
Volcanic Lake
1986
Emitted large cloud of CO2 that suffocated 2k people and 1k cattle

Nevada Del Ruiz

1985
Colombia
Lahars killed 22k of the 27k residents of Armero

Mt Vesuvius

500 years of quiet, then erupted in 1631
18 cycles of activity between 1631 and 1944. nothing since
3 million people live within danger of Vesuvius
1 million people on slopes of volcano

Mt Tungurahua

1999
Ecuador
Tourist town of Banos at base of volcano
Snow and ice at volcano summit --> would cause lahar

Mt Pinatubo

1991
2nd largest eruption of 20th century
Prediction saved 5-10k lives
847 deaths due to roof collapse