Acids and Bases

Flashcards about acids and bases.

Acid Properties

React with metals to produce hydrogen gas and turn blue litmus red. Examples: HCl, H₂SO₄, CH₃COOH

Base Properties

Do not react with most metals and turn red litmus blue. Examples: NaOH, KOH, NH₃

Arrhenius Acid

Produces H⁺ in water.

Arrhenius Base

Produces OH⁻ in water.

Brønsted-Lowry Acid

Donates a proton (H⁺).

Brønsted-Lowry Base

Accepts a proton.

pH + pOH

Equals 14.

pH Scale Change

Each unit change in pH represents a 10x change in H⁺ concentration.

pH equation

-log[H⁺]

pOH equation

-log[OH⁻]

[H⁺] equation

10^(-pH)

[OH⁻] equation

10^(-pOH)

Kw

[H⁺][OH⁻] = 1 × 10⁻¹⁴

Titration

Process used to determine the unknown concentration of an acid or base using a solution of known concentration; involves filling a buret, adding an indicator, and slowly adding a base until the endpoint.

Neutralization Reaction

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Neutralization Reaction Type

Double replacement reaction that always produces water and an ionic compound.

Phenolphthalein

An indicator that is colorless in acid and pink in base.

Strong Acids/Bases

Completely dissociate in water. Strong Acids: HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄. Strong Bases: NaOH, KOH

Weak Acids/Bases

Partially dissociate in water. Weak Acids: CH₃COOH (acetic acid). Weak Bases: NH₃ (ammonia)