Heavy industry

How much did coal production and iron and steel production increase by? (HI)

Coal doubled and iron and steel increased sevenfold from 1890s to 1905

Where was Russia places in terms of iron production globally? (HI)

4th largest by 1900

How much did income from industry rise by? (HI)

42 million roubles in 1983 to 161 million in 1897

What was the substitution effect?

Investment capital substituted from agriculture to industry

Why was substitution effect negative? (HI)

Caused suspicion amongst Russian elites

Why was state encouragement for HI bad in terms of agriculture?

Paid little attention to it, causing rural discontent and distrust amongst the government and a reason for W’s downfall

What industries were neglected due to HI?

Engineering and textiles which were important to stimulate metallurgical industries

What was the Great Spurt? (HI)

Russia emerged as a major industrialised state

How much was the increase in industrial production per annum?

7.5%

What did Russia have large reserves of? (HI)

Oil, iron, coal and timber