Level 1: Prism Plains (SCIENCE)

A blood sample taken from a patient who has an infection can be expected to show which of the following?
a. Elevated white blood cell count
b. Reduced white blood cell count
c. Elevated red blood cell count
d. Reduced red blood cell count

a. Elevated white blood cell count

Which of the following is the first step a researcher should take before experimentation begins?
a. Select laboratory equipment.
b. Generate a hypothesis.
c. Design experimental procedures.
d. Apply the units of the SI system.

b. Generate a hypothesis.

Which of the following describes the order of events in which bone fractures heal?
a. A hematoma forms → fibrocartilage callus forms → a bony callus forms → bone remodeling occurs
b. A bony callus forms → a hematoma forms → a fibrocartilage callus forms → bone remodeling occurs
c. A hematoma forms → a bony callus forms → a fibrocartilage callus forms → bone remodeling occurs
d. A fibrocartilage callus forms → a hematoma forms → bone remodeling occurs → a bony callus forms

a. A hematoma forms → fibrocartilage callus forms → a bony callus forms → bone remodeling occurs (H.F.C.R.)

Metabolism is known as which of the following types of respiration?
a. Pulmonary
b. External
c. Cellular
d. Internal

Cellular

Sunlight can damage epithelial cells of the skin, but limited exposure to ultraviolet radiation results in
a. Vitamin D
b. Vitamin K
c. Vitamin A
d. Vitamin B

a. Vitamin D

Which of the following epidermal layers is responsible for skin color?
a. Stratum comeum
b. Stratum spinosum
c. Stratum lucidum
d. Stratum basale

d. Stratum basale

An efficient way to block protein synthesis is by inhibiting which of the following?
a. Ribosomes
b. Glyoxysomes
c. Apoplasts
d. Lysosomes

Ribosomes.

Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7, what is the number of protons in a lithium atom?
a. 3
b. 10
c. 4
d. 7

3 because its atomic number is 3. (Atomic number=proton)

An equal mass which of the following states of matter could completely fill either 100ml or 500ml container?
a. Solid
b. Mixture
c. Gas
d. Liquid

Gas.

Within a DNA double helix, nucleotides on one strand of DNA base-pair with the nucleotides of the opposite strand of DNA. A base-pair is held together by:
a. Covalent bonds
b. Hydrogen bonds
c. RNA
d. Proteins

b. Hydrogen bond.

Acid chyme produced by stomach is neutralized In the intestine by which of the following?
a. Pancreatic secretions
b. Brush-border enzymes
c. Gastric juice
d. Mucus production

Pancreatic secretions.

Which of the following portions of the neuron transmits neurotransmitters?
a. Axon
b. Ganglion
c. Dendrite
d. Cell body

a. Axon

Which of the following is the sphincter muscle that regulates the movement of chyme into the small intestine?
a. Esophageal
b. Pyloric
c. Ileocecal
d. Urethral

Pyloric sphincter.

Once ovulation occurs, the corpus luteum forms. Which of the following describes the function of the corpus luteum?
a. The corpus luteum secretes estrogen to form the secondary oocyte.
b. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone to thicken the endometrium of the uterus.
c. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone to increase chances of fertilization of the egg by the sperm
d. The corpus luteum secretes estrogen to widen fallopian tubes.

b. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone to thicken the endometrium of the uterus.

Which Of The Following Hormones Increases The Heart Rate In Response To Stress?
a. Glutamate
b. Epinephrine
c. Testosterone
d. Insulin

Epinephrine.

Which of the following distinguishes endocrine and exocrine glands from one another?
a. The biochemistry of their secretions
b. The effect their secretions have on the target cells
c. The presence or absence of nerve innervation
d. The presence or absence of ducts

The presence or absence of ducts.

The system of interconnected tubes involved in protein production is called:
a. The cytoskeleton
b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. The lysosome
d. Basal bodies

b. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

After crossing two tall pea plants, a scientist notes that approximately 3/4 are tall, while approximately 1/4 are short. The scientist is noting the offspring'
a. phenotypes
b. genotypes
c. wild types
d. karyotypes

Phenotypes (75% tall)

Blood clotting involves which of the following proteins?
a. Trypsinogen
b. Fibrinogen
c. Hemoglobin
d. Albumin

b. Fibrinogen

Which of the following body system is the primary system involved in preventing an infection when a cut in the system allows bacteria body?
a. The immune system
b. The circulatory system
c. The excretory system
d. The endocrine system

a. The immune system

Which of the following best describes protection from antigens due to passive immunity?
a. Immunization leads to the activation of B-cell protection.
b. After primary exposure to an antigens, memory T cells remain to respond to a secondary exposure.
c. A mother passes antibodies to her child through breastmilk.
d. Exposure to virus leads to the production of antibodies that can bind to the virus.

c. A mother passes antibodies to her child through breastmilk.

A scientist has noted a possible relationship between a certain chemical substance found in fish and the occurrence of kidney failure in human. Which of the following preliminary steps should the scientist take before conducting a controlled experiment?
a. Distribute letters of consent to human subjects who will be used in the research
b Establish a cause and effect relationship between the substance and the outcome.
c. Review the literature to determine what other research is available on this topic
D. Write a research grant proposal to the appropriate federal funding arena

c. Review the literature to determine what other research is available on this topic

A fragment of mRNA with the sequence 5' ACGCAUGGCAAAAAAAA 3' will have a template DNA sequence that reads
a. 3' UGCGUACCGUUUUUUUU 5'
b. 3' UUUUUUUUGCCATGCGT 5'
c. 3' TGCGTACCGTTTTTTTT 5'
d. 3' TTTTTTTTGCCATGCGT 5'

c. 3' TGCGTACCGTTTTTTTT 5'

Which of the following types of bonds link base pair nucleotides within a double strand of DNA?
a. Peptide
b. Ionic
c. Covalent
d. Hydrogen

d. Hydrogen

Scientists rely on which of the following to provide critical feedback when revising scientific explanations?
a. Null hypothesis
b. Dogma
c. Opinion
d. Peer review

d. Peer review

Which of the following occurs when the thyroid gland releases calcitonin?
a. Osteoclast activity is enabled
b. Building of the bones occurs
c. The bones break down
d. The bones release calcium

Building of the bone occurs.

The process of cephalization allows for which of the following?
a. Developing structures for mobily
b. Localizing sensory organs
c. Protecting the heart and lungs
d. Identifying disease causing organisms

b. Localizing sensory organs

Which of the following occurs when the diaphragm contracts?
a. Air is forced out of the lungs.
b. Alveoli decreases in size.
c. The thoracic cavity increases in volume.
d. The ribcage contracts.

c. The thoracic cavity increases in volume.

In which of the following organs does meiosis occur?
a. Cervix
b. Fallopian Tubes
c. Ovaries
d. Uterus

c. Ovaries

While playing basketball, a player injures her Achilles tendon. Which of the following types of tissue was injured?
a. Epithelial
b. Muscle
c. Nervous
d. Connective

d. Connective

Which of the following cell has the ability to engulf other cells?
a. Mast cells
b. Macrophages
c. Red blood cells
d. Epithelium

b. Macrophages

Which of the following is generally expected to be true about birth rates in relation to death rates for a country with a growing population and high infant mortality?
a. Equal to death rates
b. Lower than death rates
c. Variable compared to death rates
d. Higher than death rates

d. Higher than death rates

Which of the following is the contraction phase of cardiac cycle?
a. Systemic circuit
b. Pulmonary circuit
c. Systole
d. Diastole

c. Systole

Which of the following transitional expression should be used to show cause and effect?
a. For example
b. Consequently
c. Likewise
d. In other words

b. Consequently

Which of the following describes how RNA and DNA are used in Meiosis?
a. Moves vesicles to the middle of the cell to form the cell plate.
b. Forms spindle fibers that attach to chromosomes.
c. Produces energy for cell division.
d. Leads to synthesis of proteins that assist in cell replication.

Leads to synthesis of proteins that assist in cell replication.

A doctor explain to a patient that he has pulled a muscle in his back. Which of the muscles could have been injured in the patient back?
a. Zygomaticus
b. Latissimus dorsi
c. Adductor magnus
d. Gastrocnemius

Latissimus dorsi.

Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?
a. Conversion to carbon monoxide
b. Diffusion down a concentration gradient
c. Active transport using energy
d. Passive transport using carrier proteins

Diffusion down a concentration gradient

A researcher is gathering large amount of data who have a common disease and effectiveness of various medications in comparison to placebo. Which of the following type of graph is the best way for the researcher to present the data?
a. Bar graph
b. Flow chart
c. Line graph
d. Pie chart

Line graph.

Which of the following structures is shared by the male urinary and genital system?
a. prostate gland
b. Urethra
c. Cowper's gland
d. Ureter

b. Urethra

NAD+ + 2e- + H+ → NADH

Which of the following statements correctly describes the reaction above?
a. Single displacement of NADH
b. Reduction of NAD+
c. Breakdown of NAD+
d. Combustion of NAD+

Reduction of NAD+

Which of the following statements best supports the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer?
a. Viruses and cancer cells both replicate rapidly.
b. Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses.
c. Cellular DNA has sequences related to viral sequences.
d. Cancerous and normal cells share genetic sequences

b. Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses.

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a cellular organelle with its function?
a. Golgi apparatus - protein synthesis
b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - energy production
c. Cytoskeleton - movement
d. Cell membrane - storage

C. Cytoskeleton - movement

Which of the following describes an anatomical relationship between two structures in the human body?
a. The mouth is anterior to the nose.
b. The ribs are lateral to the sternum.
c. The patella is inferior to the tibia.
d. Muscles are superficial to skin.

B. The ribs are lateral to the sternum.

Which of these organs is directly involved in synthesis of red blood cells in an adult?
a. Liver
b. Spleen
c. Bone marrow
d. Lymph nodes

C. Bone marrow

At the end of a sprint, a runner breathes hard because the medulla oblongata senses which of the following?
a. Low oxygen levels in the blood
b. Low carbon dioxide levels in the blood
c. Blood becoming more alkaline
d. Blood becoming more acidic

C. Blood becoming more alkaline

Which of the following situations would result in increased oxygen diffusion from alveoli into blood?
a. Increase in perfusion and decrease in ventilation
b. Increase in oxygen concentration of blood
c. Reduction in alveolar surface area
d. Reduction in residual volume of the lung

D. Reduction in residual volume of the lung

Which of the following describes a property of cardiac cells?
a. Generation of electrical impulses
b. Production of red blood cells
c. Immune protection functions
d. Removal of waste products from the body

A. Generation of electrical impulses

Which of the following blood component levels would be expected to increase following vaccination?
a. Red blood cells
b. Antibodies
c. Dissolved gasses
d. Leukocytes

B. Antibodies

In a certain plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers. A plant heterozygous for red flowers and a plant with white flowers are crossed. Which of the following is the expected proportion of phenotypes in the next generation?
a. 1 red:3 white
b. 4 red:0 white
c. 3 red:1 white
d. 2 red:2 white

d. 2 red:2 white

Osteoporosis results from which of the following?
a. An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels
b. A decline in osteoclast activity while osteoblast activity continues at expected levels
c. A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels
d. An increase in osteocyte activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels

c. A decline in osteoblast activity while osteoclast activity continues at expected levels

Which of the following are used to determine a person's DNA sequence?
a. Hormones
b. Enzymes
c. Genes
d. Blood types

b. Enzymes

Which of the following organic molecules contain both an amine and carboxyl group?
a. Proteins
b. Lipids
c. Chitin
d. Cellulose

a. Proteins

The measurements indicated by the line across the center of the cell is best referred to as which of the following ?
a. diameter
b. volume
c. radius
d. area

a. diameter

which of the following is a mass within the ovary that secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining during pregnancy?
a. Oocyte
b. Umbilical cord
c. Oviduct
d. Corpus luteum

d. Corpus luteum

Which of the following properties of water explains its solvent abilities for certain substances?
a. Kinetic energy of liquid water molecules
b. High surface tension
c. High specific heat
d. Polarity of water molecules

d. Polarity of water molecules

Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?
a. Pulmonary vein
b. Inferior vena cava
c. Superior vena cava
d. Pulmonary artery

a. Pulmonary vein

In a plant in which fuzzy leaves (F) are dominant over smooth leaves (f), which of the following crosses will produce only offspring with smooth leaves?
a. Ff x Ff
b. FF x FF
c. ff x ff
d. FF x ff

c. ff x ff

To separate genomic DNA fragments by size, which of these laboratory methods is most useful?
a. Filtration
b. Electrophoresis
c. Spectrophotometery
d. Titration

b. Electrophoresis

Which of the following glands synthesizes antidiuretic hormone?
a. Pineal gland
b. Hypothalamus
c. Pancreas
d. Thymus

b. Hypothalamus

Which of the following physiological responses is caused by the release of antidiuretic hormone?
a. Decrease in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus
b. Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
c. Decrease in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
d. Increase in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus

b. Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct

Which of the following in the atomic number of an atom that has 12 protons and 12 neutrons?
a. 1
b. 12
c. 144
d. 24

b. 12

Which of the following substances is responsible for donating H+ ions to act as a buffer when blood ph rises?
a. Oxygen
b. Carbonic acid
c. Carbon monoxide
d. Carbon dioxide

b. Carbonic acid

Which of the following reasons explains why it is important for new scientific findings to be published?
a. Scientists will get paid if their findings are published
b. Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings
c. Publishing findings will help scientists become more biased
d. This prevent other scientists from performing similar test.

b. Other scientists can validate or disprove the findings

Which of the following is the function of a totipotent cell?
a. Carries electrical impulses
b. Develops into any kind of cell
c. Aids in the maturation of sex cells
d. Fights infectious diseases

b. Develops into any kind of cell

which of the following is the structure through which blood exits the glomerulus?
a. Afferent arteriole
b. Proximal tubule
c. Efferent Arteriole
d. Distal tubule

c. Efferent Arteriole

In a phase diagram, which of the following is the term used for a substance held at a temperature and pressure where the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of a substance exist simultaneously?
a. Absolute zero
b. Critical temperature
c. Critical point
d. Triple point

d. Triple point

The pleura is a connective tissue sheath that covers which of the following organs?
a. Heart
b. Spleen
c. Lung
d. Liver

c. Lung

Which of the following summarizes a change that takes palace as solid turns to liquid?
a. particles have a decrease in mobility.
b. particles move closer together.
c. particles become less ordered.
d. intermolecular forces between particles become stronger.

c. particles become less ordered.

The cytoskeleton of a cell is comprised of which of the following macromolecules?
a. Proteins
b. Nucleic acids
c. Carbohydrates
d. Lipids

a. Proteins

Which of the following is the main function of centrosomes in animal cells?
a. Microtubule organization
b. Organelle trafficking
c. Pathogen digestion
d. Cytoplasm formation

a. Microtubule organization

Which of the following is correct regarding the pH scale?
a. A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times as alkaline as a substance with a pH of 4
b. A substance with a pH of 3 is twice as acidic as a substance with a pH of 4
c. A substance with a pH of 3 is twice as alkaline as a substance with a pH of 4.
d. A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times as acidic as a substance with a pH of 4

d. A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times as acidic as a substance with a pH of 4

In the following data table of an experiment carried out at 4 degrees C (39.2 degrees F) over 4 hours, which of the following options represents the dependent variable?
a. Sucrose concentrations
b. Bag mass change
c. Duration
d. Temperature

b. Bag mass change

Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
a. The yield of product is increased.
b. The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.
c. A greater amount of heat energy is released by the reaction.
d. A more desirable product is often formed.

b. The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time.

Hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian alps thought the man had died recently but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago, which of the following would be the best reason for the prolonged preservation of the body?
a. the ultraviolet rays at such a high altitude caused all the body molecules to be preserved.
b. the food that the person ate contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.
c. the arrow wound caused blood to flow out of the body.which led the enzymes that would break down tissue to be cleared from the body.
d. the body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.

d. the body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.

Nitrogen gas is an extremely stable molecule because its structure contains which of the following?
a. Resonance bonds
b. Hydrogen bonds
c. Triple covalent bonds
d. Ionic bonds

c. Triple covalent bonds