Canine feline Dermatology

What is skin scraping used to diagnose

Parasite diagnosing and mange

What is pyoderma

Bacterial infection of skin

Where can pyoderma effect

All areas, but obese flat-nosed breeds is common in folds. Skin folds of face, lips, vulva.

Clinical signs of pyoderma

Red itchy skin, pustules, crusts, hair loss, smell.

What is pyoderma most commonly caused by

Staph bacteria.

What are some causes of pyoderma

Allergies, endocrine disorders, immune system problems. (Staph which is common)

How to diagnose pyoderma

History, appearance, cytologies, culture and sensitivity, bloodwork, skin biopsy.

Treating pyoderma

Removing hair (moist dermatitis), topical treatment of chlorhexidine based or benzoyl peroxide shampoos, antibiotic ointment, phovia light treatment

Systemic treatment of pyoderma

Antibiotics for 4+ weeks

What is ring wor

Microsporum and Trichophyton

Clinical signs of ringworm

Hair loss, red skin, dry crusty skin (all in circular patterns) may be itchy

Diagnosing fungal infection (ringworm)

Appearance, history, age, Woods Lamp Test (ringworm), fungal culture, fungal PCR

Treatment of ringworm

Fungicidal shampoos/rinses, topical lime sulfur dips, oral anti-fungals.

How does ringworm spread

Direct contact or fomites

Allergies/flea allergies signs

Itchy skin, digestive upset, skin lesions, chronic ear infections,

Where is flea Allergy dermatitis most evidently seen

Over back and near tail.

Treatment of FAD/allergies

Prevention, topical ointments, shampoos, itching and inflammation medications

Atopy definition

A pruritic (itchy) skin disease

Causes of Atopy

Allergens (inhalation of dust, molds, pollens)

Symptoms and signs of Atopy

Itching, hair loss, skin can be normal, red, or dry and flakey,

Diagnosing Atopy

Gold standard is skin testing and allergy blood panel

Treating Atopy antihistamines

Relieves intense itching, only in mild casss

Atopy treatment corticosteroids

Helps with inflammation and can suppress immune mediates diseases

Hyposensitization treatment of Atopy

Immunotherapy

Atopy treatment Apoquel

nonsteroidal, relieves itching, inflammation, and symptoms of allergies.

Atopy treatment Cytopoint

Monoclonal antibody treatment

Immunotherapy treatment Atopy

Slowly desensitizes body to allergens and weakens allergic response

Clinical signs of hormonal skin diseases.

Hair loss distributed evenly on each side of body (bilateral), usually not itchy.

What is Manga

A parasitic infection caused by mites

Different types of mange (different mites)

Sarcoptic mange (Zoonotic, itchy), Demodectic mange (not itchy), Chyletiella (walking dandruff)

Clinical signs of mange

Itching, hair loss, scabs and crusts, skin thickening

How to diagnose mange

Skin scrape, physical exam

3 types of skin cancers

Mast cell tumors, melanoma, Mesenchymal tumors

Mast cell tumors diagnosis

Fine needle aspirate (looking for granules), red looking bumps

Mast cell tumor removal

Should be surgically removed with wide margins

Where can mast cell tumors spread too

Lymph nodes

Melanoma skin cancer

Comes from pigment cells and is found on the skin (which is usually benign), or the oral cavity and digits (usually malignant) of dogs. Invades bones quickly

Melanoma diagnosis

Appears as dark colored or pink raised mass, FNA, biopsy

Mesenchy Mal tumors

Fibrosarcoma. Comes from mesenchymal tissues of dermis and subcutis. It is very rare, highly aggressive and metastatic

What percentage of cats get Mesenchy Mal Tumors

5%

What can cause Mesenchy Mal tumors

Vaccine injections