Midterm Review - Neurosci Test Guide

RFP - The article stated that traumatic brain injury has also been identified as a potential risk factor for the occurrence of which disorder?

TBI has been identified as a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative dementing disorders, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer disease, and Parkinson syndrome.

RFP- The article stated that traumatic brain injury can result in diffuse lesions in the brain, and those lesions result in ___ changes.

biochemical changes

RFP- According to the article, what is the most cited psychological disturbance after traumatic brain injury?

The most cited psychological disturbance after TBI is depression.

RFP - Emotional disorder may arise as a direct result of which of the following factors or cause?

Emotional disorders, such as depression, may arise as a direct result of traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly recurrent concussion in the context of sports-related injuries.

Each spinal nerve has a

sensory component and a motor component

If any individual has damage to the primary somatosensory cortex, what would they have problems with?

Damage to the somatosensory cortex impairs body perceptions.

Ex: A patient would have trouble putting her clothes on correctly.

Which receptors are responsible for the perception of color?

cones

If you have a patient who sees spoken language or music, what are they experiencing? 

A patient who sees spoken language or music is likely experiencing synesthesia

Endorphins attached to the same receptors as morphine and produce effects similar to what…? 

opioids

What is the name of chemicals that influence ingoing synaptic activity, either enhancing or impeding neuronal transmission?

The chemicals that a neuron releases at a synapse are neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.

Which area is the main source of information in the cerebral cortex, it’s a pair of structures in center of forebrain

Thalamus

Which part of the human nervous system/brain anatomy plays a major role in memory formation, especially memories for individual events

Hippocampus

Which structure in our central nervous system communicates with all the sense organs and muscles except those of the head 

Spinal cord

What is the name of the ___ nervous system that relaxes the body and returns the body to a lower level of arousal

parasympathetic

Neurons are composed of axons, somas, and ____

dendrites

What is the name of the nerve cell that carries information from a particular type of stimulation toward the central nervous system

afferent neuron aka sensory neuron

Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system consists of neurons that re-

ceive information from and send commands to the heart,

intestines, and other organs.

Two parts: sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

Neurotransmitters are primarily associated with the ____

nervous system and the process of communication between neurons at the synapse

The central and peripheral nervous systems and the activities they regulate bring ___ to the brain and take ___ away from the brain

sensory information; motor commands/responses