Recording-2025-02-20T20:00:39

Geometry

The branch of mathematics concerned with the properties and relationships of points, lines, surfaces, and solids.

Trigonal Planar

A molecular geometry with three bonding pairs and no lone pairs around a central atom.

Tetrahedral

A molecular shape where a central atom is surrounded by four bonded atoms, forming a shape resembling a tetrahedron.

Trigonal Bipyramidal

A molecular geometry with five bonding pairs around a central atom, featuring two distinct axial and equatorial positions.

Octahedral

A molecular shape formed when six atoms are bonded to a central atom, arranged at the corners of an octahedron.

Lone Pair

A pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom and are not involved in bonding.

Hypervalence

The ability of certain elements to have more than eight electrons in their valence shell.

Dipole Moment

A measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule; it quantifies the polarity of the molecule.

Polar Molecule

A molecule that has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds arranged asymmetrically.

Nonpolar Molecule

A molecule in which the dipole moments cancel each other out, resulting in no overall dipole moment.

Formal Charge

The charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, calculated by considering the number of valence electrons and the number of bonds.

VSEPR Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, a model used to predict the geometry of molecules based on electron pair repulsions.

Steric Repulsion

The repulsion between the electron clouds surrounding atoms in a molecule, influencing molecular shape.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Molecular Shape

The three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule.

Bond Polarity

The distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond; characterized as polar or nonpolar.