concentration and solubility - chemistry

What is the definition of the concentration of a solution?

The amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

What is molarity (M)?

Molarity is the moles of solute per liter of solution, calculated as M = mol/L.

What is molality (m)?

Molality is the moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, calculated as m = mol/kg.

How is mass percent calculated?

Mass percent is calculated as (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100.

What is parts per million (ppm)?

Parts per million is the mass of solute per million parts of the solution.

What is solubility?

Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

What is a saturated solution?

A saturated solution contains all of the solute that it can hold at a given temperature.

What is an unsaturated solution?

An unsaturated solution is any solution that can dissolve more solute at a particular temperature.

What is a supersaturated solution?

A supersaturated solution contains more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.

How does pressure affect gas solubility in liquids?

When pressure is increased, more gas can dissolve in a liquid.

How does temperature affect the solubility of solids?

For most solids, when temperature goes up, they dissolve better and faster in liquids.

How does temperature affect the solubility of gases?

When the temperature goes up, gases dissolve less in liquids.

What happens to gas in a soda can when it is shaken and opened?

The gas comes out because the pressure is released.

What do exothermic reactions do?

Exothermic reactions release energy, usually in the form of heat, making surroundings warmer.

Give an example of an exothermic reaction.

Burning a candle or frying an egg.

What do endothermic reactions do?

Endothermic reactions absorb energy, causing the surroundings to cool down.

Give an example of an endothermic reaction.

Evaporation of water or photosynthesis.

What are the main factors that affect gas solubility?

Pressure and temperature.