concentration and solubility - chemistry
the concentration of a solution is the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.
concentrated:
solute - more solute
solvent - less solvent
-stronger taste
- darker color
dilute:
solute - less
solvent - more
-less taste
-lighter color
solubility: is the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.
a saturated solution: is a solution that contains all of the solute that it can hold at a given temperature.
an unsaturated solution: is any solution that can dissolve more solute at a particular temperature.
a supersaturated solution: is one that contains more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature
PRESSURE EFFECTS:
mainly affects the solubility of gases (like oxygen or carbon dioxide) in liquids.
-when pressure is increased, more gas can dissolve in a liquid. For example: when you shake a soda can and open it, the gas comes out because the pressure is released.
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS:
for solids, when the temperature goes up. most solid substances (like sugar or salt) dissolve better and faster in liquids
-for gases, when the temperature goes up, gases dissolve less in liquids. thats why warm sodas loses its carbonation faster than cold sodas.
⊹ ࣪ ˖ exo and endothermic reactions ⊹ ࣪ ˖:
exothermic reactions: releases energy,usually in the form of heat, this means surroundings get warmer
-burning a candle, frying an egg
endothermic reactions: absorbs energy, also in the form of heat, this causes surroundings to cool down
-evaporation of water, photosynthesis
factors that effect gas solubility:
pressure + temperature