[ANATOMY LEC] Reproductive System

• long-acting reversible contraception

• hormonal contraception

• barrier methods

• emergency contraception.

• fertility awareness.

What are the are different methods of contraception?

intra uterine device

What is IUD?

implant or intra uterine device (IUD)

Give 2 examples of long-acting reversible contraception

pill or the Depo Provera injection

Give 2 examples of hormonal contraception

• copper-bearing intrauterine devices (IUDs)

• emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs).

What are the methods of emergency contraception

copper-bearing intrauterine devices (IUDs)

the most effective form of emergency contraception available

5 days (120 hours)

You can get the Paragard IUD inserted or take ella up to how many days after unprotected sx?

levonorgestrel morning-after pills

What is the PLAN B after unprotected sx

3 days (72 hours)

levonorgestrel morning-after pills works best up to how many days after unprotected sx?

• Tubal ligation ("tubes tided")

• Vasectomy.

Surgical sterilization methods for birth control include:

• Diaphragms.

• Condoms.

• Cervical caps.

• Spermicides.

Barrier birth control methods include:

Diaphragm

• It covers your cervix during sx to prevent pregnancy.

• is a form of birth control that’s a shallow cup shaped like a little saucer that's made of soft silicone.

Menopause

is the permanent cessation of menstruation at the end of reproductive life due to loss of ovarian follicular activity

1. Pre-menopause

2. Peri menopause

3. Menopausal Phase

4. Post-menopausal

the 4 phases of menopause

Pre-menopause

the time prior to menopause. the occurrence of menopause before the age of 40 years

Peri menopause

a period of a woman’s life characterized by the physiological changes associated with the end of reproductive capacity and terminating with the completion of menopause also called climacteric

climacteric

the completion of menopause

Menopausal phase

the end of menstruation. the age of menopause ranges between 45-55 years. Average being 50 years

post-menopausal

defined formally as the time which a women has experienced 12 consecutive month of amenorrhea without period

hyperlipidemia

the increase in the level of cholesterol and lipids in the blood which is common in menopause

Osteoporosis

Calcium loss from the bone is increased in the first five years after the onset of menopause. What condition is this?

hot flashes

Incidents where the women in menopause gets a sudden feeling of warmth and flushing that starts in the face and quickly spread all over the neck and upper body

Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT)

is indicated in menopausal women to overcome short-term and long-term consequences of estrogen deficiency

estrogen and progesterone

the most common type of HRT

Estrogen only

usually given to women who have lost their uterus due to surgical menopause

Progestin only

this type of HRT is not prescribed very often but it does seem to provide excellent relief for women plagued with hot flashes

estrogen

the principle hormone used in HRT

endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma

a woman with intact uterus and uses only estrogen therapy leads to?

conjugated estrogen

commonly used estrogen

medroxyprogesterone

commonly used progestin

hysterectomy

what is the surgical removal of uterus called?

Tibolone

is a steroid having weakly oestrogenic, progestogenic, and androgenic properties

3-5 years

How many years should HRT be used?

Venous Thromboembolic Disease

what is VTE? it has been found to be increased with the use of combined oral estrogen and progestin?

Surgical Menopause

a type of induced menopause in which both ovaries are surgically removed.

Amenorrhea

the absence of menstruation — one or more missed menstrual periods.