Untitled Flashcards Set

Why do cells divide?

For growth and repair, to replace worn out cells, and for reproduction.

What is chromatin?

DNA wrapped around proteins called histones.

What occurs during G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Rapid growth.

What is the outcome of mitosis?

Two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.

What is meiosis?

A type of cell division that produces gametes (reproductive cells) and reduces chromosome number by half.

What is crossing over?

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis.

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis produces 2 identical daughter cells; meiosis produces 4 genetically varied gametes.

What is cancer?

Uncontrolled cell division due to disruption in the regulated cell division cycle.

What are cyclins?

Proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle.

What is cell differentiation?

The process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.

What is nondisjunction?

Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, which can lead to genetic disorders.

What are the two types of tumors?

Benign (non-moving mass) and malignant (moving mass, may metastasize).

What are the phases of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

What is the fate of gametes produced by the mother?

One functional ovum and polar bodies, which are not functional.

What occurs during interphase?

Preparation for cell division by copying and doubling cellular components.

What are homologous chromosomes?

Pairs of chromosomes that contain genes for the same traits.

How does cell size impact efficiency?

Smaller cells have a higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing for more efficient nutrient delivery and waste removal.

What happens during telophase in animal cells?

The cytoplasm pinches in along the equator to form two daughter cells.

What is a zygote?

A fertilized egg formed from the union of sperm and egg.

What is the significance of the 46 chromosomes in humans?

Humans have 46 chromosomes; 23 pairs, one from each parent.