Apush 25

megalopolis

A very large, heavily populated urban area made up of several connected cities.

tenement

A crowded apartment building, often in poor condition, where many families live.

affluence

Having a great deal of wealth or money.

despotism

A form of government in which one ruler has absolute power and rules cruelly.

parochial

Relating to a local area or church parish; often used to describe narrow or limited viewpoints.

sweatshop

A factory where workers labor long hours in unsafe conditions for very low pay.

pauper

A very poor person who depends on public or charitable support.

convert

A person who changes from one religion or belief system to another.

Fundamentalism

A conservative religious movement that follows a strict, literal interpretation of religious teachings and rejects modern ideas that challenge them.

philanthropist

A person who donates money, time, or resources to help improve society.

behavioral psychology

A field of psychology that studies human behavior rather than thoughts or feelings.

syndicated (syndication)

Content such as articles or cartoons that are sold to and published by multiple newspapers.

tycoon

A powerful and wealthy business leader.

feminist (feminism)

A person who supports equal rights and opportunities for women in society, politics, and the economy.

prohibition

A law that bans the production, sale, or use of alcoholic drinks.

Louis Sullivan

A Chicago architect known as the "father of skyscrapers," whose designs made tall buildings practical in crowded cities.

Walter Rauschenbusch

A Protestant minister and leader of the Social Gospel movement who wanted Christianity to address urban poverty and social injustice.

Jane Addams

A major social reformer who founded Hull House and worked to help the urban poor, immigrants, and women.

Charles Darwin

A British scientist whose theory of evolution by natural selection challenged traditional religious beliefs.

Horatio Alger

A writer whose novels promoted the idea that hard work and luck could lift people from poverty to success.

Booker T. Washington

A former slave who supported industrial education and economic progress for African Americans but did not push for full social equality.

W. E. B. Du Bois

A scholar and civil rights leader who demanded full political and social equality for African Americans and promoted leadership by the "talented tenth."

William James

A Harvard philosopher and psychologist who helped develop modern psychology and emphasized the study of human behavior and experience.

Henry George

A reformer who argued that economic inequality could be fixed by placing a single tax on land ownership.

Emily Dickinson

A reclusive New England poet whose work became famous after her death.

Mark Twain

A famous American author known for realism, humor, and social criticism, especially in novels like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Victoria Woodhull

A radical feminist who shocked Americans with her outspoken views on women's rights and social reform.

Daniel Burnham

An architect and planner who helped introduce the City Beautiful movement to the United States.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

A feminist writer who supported women's economic independence and shared child-care and household work.

Henry Adams

A historian and intellectual who disliked modern industrial society and admired the culture and beauty of the past.