nit 12 Psychological Disorders and Therapy Methods

Psychological Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by patterns of behavior or thought that are disruptive to a person's life.

Phobia

An irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity that leads to avoidance behavior.

Delusion

A firmly held false belief that is resistant to reason or confrontation with actual fact.

Personality Disorders

A group of mental disorders characterized by enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from cultural expectations.

Medical Model

A framework for understanding psychological disorders that focuses on illness, diagnosis, and treatment.

OCD

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions.

Chronic Schizophrenia

A long-lasting form of schizophrenia with persistent symptoms that may include hallucinations and delusions.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A personality disorder marked by a disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others.

Transference

The phenomenon in therapy where a client projects feelings and attitudes from past relationships onto the therapist.

Epigenetics

The study of how environmental factors impact the expression of genes.

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, a mental health condition triggered by exposure to traumatic events.

Acute Schizophrenia

A short-term, severe form of schizophrenia that may present with sudden onset of symptoms.

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.

Psychodynamic Therapy

A therapeutic approach that focuses on unconscious processes and past experiences.

DSM-5

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used for classification and diagnosis.

Major Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and various emotional and physical problems.

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A mental health disorder characterized by an intense focus on physical symptoms that causes significant distress.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder marked by binge eating followed by purging behaviors.

Insight Therapies

Therapeutic approaches that seek to increase a person's awareness and understanding of themselves.

Hyperactivity Disorder

A condition characterized by excessive movement and difficulty concentrating.

Bipolar Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, including emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression).

Conversion Disorder

A psychological condition where a person experiences neurological symptoms without a medical cause, often following stress or trauma.

Binge-eating Disorder

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food.

Client-Centered Therapy

A therapeutic approach that emphasizes the client's perspective and promotes self-directed growth.

Anxiety Disorders

A group of mental disorders characterized by excessive fear or anxiety.

Mania

A state of abnormally elevated mood, arousal, and energy levels, often associated with bipolar disorder.

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by an excessive preoccupation with having a serious illness despite a lack of medical symptoms.

Psychotherapy

A treatment method that involves talking with a trained therapist to improve mental health.

Active Listening

A communication technique that involves fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and remembering what the other person is saying.

Social Anxiety Disorder

A chronic mental health condition characterized by an intense fear of social situations.

Rumination

The process of continuously thinking about the same thoughts, which are often sad or dark.

Dissociative Disorder

A category of disorders characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, memory, and identity.

Biomedical Therapy

A category of treatment that uses biological interventions to alleviate symptoms of mental disorders.

Unconditional Positive Regard

An attitude of grace, acceptance, and respect that therapists convey to clients.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A mental health disorder characterized by persistent and excessive worry about a variety of topics.

Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, and sense of self.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A severe form of dissociation characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.

Eclectic Approach

A therapeutic approach that combines elements from various schools of thought.

Behavior Therapy

A type of therapy that focuses on changing problematic behaviors through conditioning.

Panic Disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks.

Psychotic Disorders

Mental disorders that result in a disconnection from reality, including hallucinations and delusions.

Personality Disorder

A type of mental disorder characterized by inflexible and pervasive patterns of behavior and inner experiences.

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach that seeks to explore the unconscious and resolve past conflicts through dialogue.

Counterconditioning

A behavioral therapy technique that replaces an undesired response to a stimulus with a desired response.

Agoraphobia

An anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of being in situations where escape is difficult or help unavailable.

Hallucination

A sensory perception that occurs in the absence of an external stimulus.

Resistance

A phenomenon in therapy where a client unconsciously defends against uncomfortable thoughts or feelings.

Exposure Therapies

Therapeutic approaches that involve gradually exposing a patient to feared stimuli to help them overcome anxiety.

Systematic Desensitization

A behavioral therapy technique used to reduce anxiety by gradually exposing the patient to the feared object or context.

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

A therapeutic approach that uses virtual reality technology to simulate exposure to feared situations.

Aversive Conditioning

A behavioral therapy technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulus with unwanted behavior to reduce its occurrence.

Token Economy

A behavioral therapy technique that uses tokens as reinforcement for desired behaviors.

Cognitive Therapy

A form of therapy that aims to change unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors.