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What is cognition?
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
How is a concept defined in psychology?
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
What is a prototype?
A mental image or best example of a category.
What does creativity refer to?
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
What is convergent thinking?
It narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution.
What is divergent thinking?
It expands the number of possible problem solutions.
What is an algorithm?
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.
How does a heuristic differ from an algorithm?
A heuristic is a simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently, but is more error-prone.
What is insight in problem solving?
A sudden realization of a problem's solution, contrasting with strategy-based solutions.
What is confirmation bias?
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
What is mental set?
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often one that has been successful in the past.
What is intuition?
An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
What is the representativeness heuristic?
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent particular prototypes, potentially ignoring other relevant information.
What is the availability heuristic?
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; events that come readily to mind may be presumed common.
What is overconfidence?
The tendency to be more confident than correct, overestimating the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements.
What does belief perseverance mean?
Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
What is framing in the context of decision-making?
The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements.
What is fixation in problem-solving?
An inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective.
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