energy systems

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

The immediate form of usable chemicaL energy for muscular activity

ATP exists in all cells and consists of a number of atoms held together by high energy bonds. It is through breaking down these bonds that energy is released for those processes in the body that require energy.

What is ATP made up of?

Adenosine + phosphate + phosphate + phosphate

Reaction can be summarised as

ATP → (reversible) adenosine diphosphate + phosphate + energy

It’s an exothermic reaction - release of energy

ATPase

Is enzyme that aids this reaction

ATP resynthesis

There is only a limited supply of ATP within the muscle cell probably enough to perform for 1-3s. ATP is constantly resynthesized to ensure continuous supply of energy however this itself requires energy which we acquire from the food we eat

Energy sources glycogen

Stored form of glucose found in muscles and liver

Glucose

Simple carb in the body dissolved in blood plasma

Adipose tissue

Special tissue made up of cells in which fats are stored mainly found under skin and surrounding organs

Triglycerides

Form of stored fat used as an energy source made up of glycogen and 3 fatty acids

Amino acids

Broken down protein that can be converted into glucose (excess nitrogen excreated as urea)

Energy source - carbohydrates

Phosphcreatine

Used to resynthesize atp in the first 5-10s of intense exercise. It is stored in the. And is easy to break down however stores are limited

Muscle cell sarcoplasm

Fluid like gelatine that fills the spaces within the muscle cells and is a store of glycogen, fat, proteins, enzymes and

Matrix in muscle cell

Reaction site for kerb cycle

Crustal in muscle cell

Reaction site for the electron transport chain