MCN midterms

Procedure of cleaning the vulva, perineum, and anal region

Perineal care

Purpose of perineal care

To prevent or eliminate ________, odor, and promote ________

Infection, healing

Principle of perineal care

To clean the perineum from _____________.

Cleanest to less clean area

Perineal care is a _________ procedure rather than sterile one.

clean

A tool that looks like a toilet seat and goes under the buttocks.

bedpan

Purpose of placing and removing bedpan.

To provide the patient who is unable to ambulate an _____________

Opportunity to urinate and defecate

Used to detect or confirm pregnancy

Pregnancy test

HCG stands for

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Pregnancy tests

Tests are performed using experimentive animals. Involves injection of urine to various animals.

Biological tests

(%) accuracy of biological tests

99%

Injecting urine to immature female mice

Frank test

Injecting woman’s urine to female rabbit

Friedman test

Injecting woman’s urine to clawed frogs

Hogben test

Injecting woman’s urine to male frog wherein the urine of a pregnant woman will induce the sperm production in the male frog

Gallin male frog test

Detecting the woman’s pregnancy thru blood or urine. HCG prevent will bind to the antibodies from the blood or urine

Immunological or serological pregnancy test

Binded HCG with the antibodies will prevent the HCG particles from agglutinating. No agglutination means pregnant

Agglutination Inhibition test (AIT)

HCG-coated rbc are mixed with the urine. if HCG is present, it will inhibit the agglutination or clumping of rbc

Hemagglutination test

Mainly used in laboratories due to specialized equipment required

Radioimmunoassay

HCG binds to antibodies to specific HCG linked to an enzyme

If substrate is added, it changes to visible color which indicates presence of hcg

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Chemical structure similar to luteinizing hormones

HCG

EDD stands for

Estimated date of delivery

EDB stands for

Estimated date of birth

German physician who’s the first person to study and write about estimating due dates

Dr. France Carl Naegele

Taking the LMP, subtracting 3 months, adding 7 days, and adjusting 1 yr if necessary

Naegele's rule

Systematic method of observation and palpation to:

Estimate fetal size, locate parts, determine presentation, position, lie, engagement, attitude

Leopold's maneuver

__________ means pregnant

gravidity

a woman that is pregnant

gravida

a woman that is pregnant for the first time

primigravida

a woman who has never been pregnant

nulligravida

a woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies

multigravida

number of pregnancies in which the fetus has reached 20 weeks of gestation when they are born whether they are alive or stillbirth

parity

woman who have completed one pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation

primipara

a woman who’s had 2 or more pregnancies that reached 20weeks gestation when they were born

multipara

a woman who has never completed 20 weeks of gestation

nullipara

relationship of the fetal parts to one another

fetal attitude

the portion of the fetus which engages at the pelvic inlet and is felt through the cervix on vaginal examination

presentation

What presentation is this:

• Occiput or vertex presentation

• Face presentation

• sinciput presentation or military attitude with anterior fontanel presenting

• Brow presentation

cephalic presentation

What presentation is this:

• Full or complete breech

• Frank breech

• Footling presentation

Breech presentation

the relationship which the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother

fetal lie

Types of fetal lie

one wherein the long axis of the fetus is parallel to the long axis of the mother

longitudinal lie (normal)

Types of fetal lie:

when the fetal axis crosses the maternal axis which lead to being perpendicular to one another.

transverse

types of fetal lie:

when the fetal axis crosses the maternal axis at an angle but not right angles

oblique

defined as the relationship of an arbitrarily chosen portion of the fetus to the left or right of the mother's pelvis anterior or posterior.

position

types of position

cephalic

breech

face

shoulder

called the first maneuver which determines the fetal presentation

fundal grip

called ye 2nd maneuver which locates the fetal back and which extremities. this maneuver also checks the fetal heart rate.

lateral grip

assessing the presenting part and if the presenting part is engaged or floating

pawlik’s grip

the fourth maneuver that determines the fetal attitude and position

pelvic grip

when the brow is on the same side as the small parts, chin is touching the chest and the vertex is presenting

full flexion

When the brow is on the same side with the back

The fetal head is hyperextended

poor flexion

_____ trimester can produce congenital malformation

first trimester

_____/_____ trimester can affect the growth and functional development of the fetus

second/third trimester

induce frequency and duration of contraction

oxytocin

activates glands to orevent bleeding and postpaetum hemorrhage

misoprostol

what to assess to a postpartum patient taking Rho (D) immune globulin

maternal RH factor

what counters the magnesium sulfate

calcium gluconate

indicates toxicity in a 34 weeks pregnant with mg sulfate

decreased rr

adverse effect of terbutaline

hypotension

enhances fetal lung maturity

betamethasone

what history to assess before administering methylergonovine to a postpartum client

hypertension

prevents neural tube defect

folic acids

nifedipine is an ___________ drug

anti-hypertension

what to take with iron to enhance iron absorption

vitamin c

induces respiratory depression in newborns

naloxone

what do we prevent by taking vitamin K

intracranial hemorrhage

replaces calcium and maintain calcium level

calcium citrate

prevents gonorrheal infection

erythromycin

reduces inflammation

corticosteroids

therapeutic level of mg sulfate

8-10mEq/L

normal level of mg sulfate

1-2mEq/L

what to avoid when taking warfarin (anti-coagulant)

green leafy vegetables

inhibits uterine contraction

tocolytic agents

acts directly on vascular smooth muscle

isoxsuprine hydrochloride

drugs used in labor

oxytocin, analgesics, anticonvulsant, anticoagulant

bronchodilator in reverse airway

terbutaline

progestin contraceptive

depoprovera

for cervical ripening and inducing of labor

cytotec

morphine-like analgesics

demerol

antiemetic and antihistamine activities

phenergan

oipate analgesics

morphine sulfate

series of events in which uterine contractions and abdominal pressure expels a fetus and placenta

labor

expulsion of a child by the mother

delivery

a tool that helps in management of labor

partograph

active phase of labor begins at ____cm

4cm

pulse is recorded in partograph every ___ minutes

30 minutes

first stage of labor

dilatation stage

from the onset of true labor to 4cm

latent phase

from 5cm to 10cm

active phase

from the beginning of the first contraction to the beginning of next contraction

frequency

resting period between contractions

intervals

length of beginning of increment to end of decrement

duration

strength of contraction

intensity

called the second stage of labor. begins with the complete dilation of the cervix and delivery of the baby

stage of expulsion

contraction lasts for ______ seconds and occurs at intervals of _____ minutes

50-7 seconds, 2-3 minutes

what do you call the event when the fetal scalp is visible

crowning

supporting the perineum during crowning and applying pressure with the palm which prevents lacerations

ritgen’s maneuver