SC105 Final Exam

Hearing

physiological (passive)

Listening

behavioral (passive)

obstacles to listening

mind is elsewhere, sidetracked, not interested

passive listening

listener who does not actively engage in the topic or speech

active listener

listener that is engaged and attentive

critical listening

listener who is listening to evaluate or assess the speech

the ethics of listening

Treat others how you want to be treated., Get the most out of each speech., Prove that speech matters

giving good feedback

·       Criticize speeches, not people.

·       Be specific.

·       Focus on what can be changed.

·       Be communication sensitive.

connotative meaning

informal; emotion, cultural, subjective

denotative meaning

a formal definition, textbook dictionary law

trope

A figure of speech that gives a new meaning for a word or concept

figure

An ear-catching change in the structure of a phrase or
sentence

ethos

credibility, good judgment, excellence, goodwill. why should the audience believe you?

pathos

establishing a framework of feeling and interpretation, all about emotions

logos

claim backed up by good reason, signifies movement from reasons and conclusions

inductive

specific to generalize

deductive

general to specify (syllogism) major premise, minor premise, reason to conclusion

causal

reasoning in ways that presume causality

analogical

reason by analogy, comparison/contrast

from signs

a claim that one event or attribute appeals another, reasoning by inference

from authority

claim that a statement is true because of the expertise of its source

warrant

logically bridges data and claim, often implicit, good place to evaluate or challenge an argument

reservation

conditions that would suspend the claim, often implicit, can help evaluate arguments and plane response

qualifier

the degree of force or certainty of the claim (probably, cannot, will not, absolutely, might)

backing

adds support and authority for the warrant in the warrant alone is not acceptable

attention

·       Utilize effective introduction.

·       Gain attention.

-          Stress relevance.

-          Establish credibility.

-          Thesis

-          Preview main points.

need

·       Burden of proof

·       Arguments of fact

·       Arguments of value

satisfaction

·       Introduce potential solution.

·       Arguments of policy

visualization

·       Explain the proposed solution in detail.

-          What would it look like?

-          How much would it cost?

-          Other alternatives?

-          Consequences?

action

tell the listeners how they can get involved

characteristics of effective listening

-Concrete and Lively Language
-Clear and Accurate Language
-Respectful Language

making good stylistic choices

1. Style should coordinate with your goal
2. Style should coordinate with your speaking occasion
3. Style should coordinate with your topic
4. Style should be used as intelligently and sparingly
5. Style as rhetorical spice

claim

statement of what you’re saying, logical assertion