W geo final exam note

Absolute location

the exact coordinates of a place (long and latitude)

Relative location

a place is related to another place

Latitude

measures distant from north or south of the equator

Longtitude

measures distant east or west of the prime meridian

map legend/key

explain symbols using in a map

compass rose

shows direction (n,s,e,w)

scale

shows distance on a map

political map

shows bordes, cities, and countries

physical map

landforms like mountains, rivers, and desserts

topographic map

evevation using contour lines

thematic map

theme map (population, climate,…)

wind

shape sand dunes and erode rocks

water/erosion

wears away rock and soil, creating valleys and canyons

glaciers

move slowly, create u shaped valey

birth rate

number of births/ 1000 people

death rate

number of deaths/ 1000 people

infant mortality rate

deaths of child under 1/ 1000 births

population density

people per unit area

demographic transition model

how population changes over time as country develop

population pyramids-wide base

rapid growth

population pyramids-narrow base

declining population

population pyramids-even base

slow or stable population

push factors

war, natural disaster, political instability, lack of jobs (pushing people away from a country, people avoid it)

pull factor

safety, better jobs, education, freedom (pulling people to a country)

culture

shared beliefs, customs, and practices of a group

culture diffusion

spread of culture for one society to another

cultural hearth

place where a culture begins

christianity

jesus, bible

judaism

monotheistic (one god), Torah

islam

founded by Muhammad, quran, practice the five pillars

hinduism

ancient religion from India, karma and reincarnation

buddhism

founded by Siddhartha Gautama, focuses on ending suffering, and believe in reincarnation

both hinduism and Buddhism believes in

samsara (reincarnation) and karma

formal religion

has clear borders like states or country

functional region

organized around a central point, such as subway system, school zone

induatrial revolution

led to more factories and machines

urbanization

people going form rural areas to the city