Lecture Test Number Two Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and details from the lecture notes related to blood composition, functions, heart anatomy, and physiological principles.

What are the two main components of blood?

Plasma and formed elements.

What is the percentage of plasma in blood?

About 55%.

What is hematocrit?

The percentage of red blood cells in the blood.

What distinguishes granulocytes from agranulocytes?

Granulocytes have visible granules in their cytoplasm, while agranulocytes do not.

What is the most abundant type of white blood cell?

Neutrophils.

What is the function of platelets?

To aid in blood clotting.

What defines blood type A?

Presence of A antigens and anti-B antibodies.

What happens during agglutination?

Red blood cells clump together when incompatible blood types mix.

What is polycythemia?

A condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells.

What is the universal donor blood type?

O negative (O-).

What does leukocytosis refer to?

An increase in white blood cell count.

What is the significance of the SA node?

It acts as the pacemaker of the heart.

How do oxygenated and deoxygenated blood flow differ in the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

In the pulmonary circuit, arteries carry deoxygenated blood, while veins carry oxygenated blood; in the systemic circuit, arteries carry oxygenated blood, while veins carry deoxygenated blood.

Name the two types of circulation associated with the heart.

Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.

What is a major function of the chordae tendineae?

To keep the AV valves closed during ventricular contraction.

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Systolic is the pressure during heart contraction, while diastolic is the pressure when the heart is at rest.

What is cardiac output?

The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.

Which heart chamber is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body?

The left ventricle.

What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?

It closes and forms a depression called the fossa ovalis.

What are the layers of blood vessels called?

Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima.

What is a major characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?

It is striated, involuntary, and has intercalated discs.

What is the purpose of the hepatic portal circulation?

To carry blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.

What is ischemia?

Insufficient blood supply to an organ or tissue.

What are Korotkov sounds?

Sounds heard during blood pressure measurement, indicating the flow of blood in the arteries.