Psychotic Disorders

Flashcards about Psychotic Disorders

Psychosis

A disruption in the experience of reality / reality testing.

Hallucination

A perception-like experience which occurs without an external stimulus.

Delusion

A fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.

Persecutory delusion

A common type of delusion. A person may believe that others are going out of their way to harm, harass, discredit, or conspire against them.

Referential delusion

A common type of delusion. A person may incorporate unimportant events within a delusional framework and read personal significance into the trivial activities of others.

Somatic delusion

A less common type of delusion involving body experiences.

Grandiose delusion

A less common type of delusion. A person may have an exaggerated sense of their own importance, power, knowledge, or identity.

Erotomanic delusion

A less common type of delusion where someone believes that another person, often a celebrity, is in love with them.

Nihilistic delusion

A less common type of delusion that involves a belief in impending catastrophe.

Negative symptoms

Symptoms including reduced expressivity and avolition.

Avolition

Reduced self-motivated, goal-oriented activities.

Alogia

Reduced speech production.

Anhedonia

Reduced enjoyment.

A-sociality

Reduced interest in social activities.

Anosognosia

Reduced insight into illness.

Schizophrenia

A psychotic disorder with a minimum duration of 1 month of symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, or negative symptoms, with significant impact on functioning.

Schizoaffective disorder

A psychotic disorder where Criterion A for schizophrenia is met, but not B (social dysfunction) or F (special clause autism or communication disorder) with presence of a major mood episode.

Delusional disorder

A psychotic disorder characterized by delusions without meeting the full criteria for schizophrenia.

Praecox-Gefuhl

A feeling, often confirmed by psychiatrists, related to early psychosis.

Aberrant Salience model

This model suggests that psychosis is a state of assigning inappropriate significance to stimuli.

T.TIP (Treating Trauma in Psychosis)

A treatment approach focusing on trauma experienced by individuals with psychosis.

Mentalization-based / Metacognitive psychotherapies

Approaches that stimulate the ability to make meaning of the environment by forming ideas about self and others’ mental processes.

Staging model

A model describing schizophrenia in stages of increasing duration and severity, where treatment aims to prevent progression to the next stage.

Prodromal phase / at-risk mental state

Stage 1 of the staging model, characterized by subclinical positive symptoms, presence of negative symptoms, functional deterioration, mood swings and indications of cognitive problems.