B1+B2: Semantics practice

The study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences

Semantics (Ngữ nghĩa học)

What the words conventionally mean (những ý nghĩa thông thường của từ)

Semantics focuses on

Semantic roles

7: Agent, theme, experiencer, instrument, location, source, goal

meaning that dictionaries are designed to describe

Conceptual meaning (Ý nghĩa khái niệm, định nghĩa)

The concept associated with a lexical item

A semantic feature

Same or nearly the same meanings

Synonyms/Synonymy

friend/mate

Synonyms/Synonymy

mother/mom

Synonyms/Synonymy

Say/tell

Synonyms/Synonymy

Fall/Autumn

Synonyms/Synonymy

Two words or phrases that have opposite meanings

Antonymy / Antonyms

Are opposites along a scale. They can be used in comparative constructions.

Gradable antonyms

hot & cold

Gradable antonyms

fast & slow

Gradable antonyms

happy & sad

Gradable antonyms

big/small

Gradable antonyms

old/new

Gradable antonyms

Dead & Alive

Complementary (binary) antonyms

True & False

Complementary (binary) antonyms

Single & Married

Complementary (binary) antonyms

Can't have one without the other

Conversive (relational) antonyms

Buy & sell

Conversive (relational) antonyms

Teacher & student

Conversive (relational) antonyms

Husband & wife

Conversive (relational) antonyms

can have one without the other

Reversive (directional) antonyms

Rise & fall

Reversive (directional) antonyms

inhale & exhale

Reversive (directional) antonyms

enter & exit

Reversive (directional) antonyms

pack/unpack

Reversive (directional) antonyms

lengthen/shorten

Reversive (directional) antonyms

raise/lower

Reversive (directional) antonyms

tie/untie

Reversive (directional) antonyms

The relationship between two or more words where the meaning of one form includes the meaning of another

Hyponymy

Car & vehicle

Hyponymy

dog & animal

Hyponymy

rose & flower

Hyponymy

Dog (in dog & animal)

Hyponym

Banana (in banana & fruit)

Hyponym

Animal (in dog & animal)

Hypernym

Fruit (in banana & fruit)

Hypernym

Two words that sound and/or are written the same but are different in meanings

Homonymy/Homonyms

Two words that have the same spelling and the same pronunciation, but different meanings

Full/perfect homonyms

Bank (of a river) - Bank (financial institution)

Full/perfect homonyms

Can (have the ability to do something) - Can (The container)

Full/perfect homonyms

bat (flying creature) – bat (used in sports)

Full/perfect homonyms

mole (on skin) – mole (small animal)

Full/perfect homonyms

pupil (at school) – pupil (in the eye)

Full/perfect homonyms

race (contest of speed) – race (ethnic group)

Full/perfect homonyms

Two words that have the same pronunciation but different spelling.

Homophones

see & sea

Homophones

there & their

Homophones

weather & whether

Homophones

sew/so

homophones

to/too/two

homophones

Two words that have the same spelling but different pronunciation

Homographs

tear (v) - tear (n)

Homographs

wind (v) - wind (n)

Homographs

present (n) - present (v)

homographs

A word has multiple meanings that are related to one another

Polysemy (đa nghĩa) (liên tưởng được)

bug: insect, electronic device

polysemy

Head: part of the body, person at the top of a company or department

Polysemy

get (v): have, earn, seize

polysemy

sole (n): a kind of fish; the undersurface of a foot

homonyms

mail (n): letter; armor made of metal links

homonyms

A bike & a pedal

Meronymy (chủ thể & bộ phận)

White House has announced …..

Metonymy (hoán dụ)

We live under the same roof

Metonymy (hoán dụ)

I have 3 mouths to feed

Metonymy (hoán dụ)