P3-ORTHO-PPT 8

Adolescence

This period of life is when sexual maturity is attained

-Mxied to permanent dentition

-Acceleration of overall rate of facial growth

-Differential growth of the jaws

3 Major events in dentofacila development occur during adolescence

Brain

In initiations of adolescence, first events of puberty occur where?

gonadotropin-releasing

hormone (GnRH)

In the hypothalamus what does it release?

Primary portal system

The substance secreted by the nerve cells pass into capillaries in this vascular region and are carried the short distance to the pituitary by blood flow. this special network of vessels, analogous to the venous supply

to the liver but on a much smaller scale, is called the

Pituitary gonadotropins

the hypothalamic releasing factors

stimulate pituitary cells to produce several related but different hormones called

Pituitary gonadotropins

This hormone is function is to

stimulate endocrine cells in both the adrenal glands and the

developing sex organs to produce sex hormones.

-Produced: adrenal cortex

-Stimulated: pituitary hormone

In Male sex hormones, it is produced by? and stimulated by?

age 6

Neural growth is unaffected by adolescence because it is completed by what age

Stage I

Which stage where occurs the beginning of physical growth spurt, is the appearnce of breast buds and early stages of developemnt of pubic hear

stage II

Which stage starts the peak of velocity for physical growth and development of sexual characteristics

Stage II

Which stage there is noticeable

breast development. Pubic hair is darker and more widespread, and hair appears in the armpits

1-1 1/2

In the the third stage, how many years does it occur after stage II

Stage III

THis stage marks the onset of menstruation

Stage III

What stage in girl developement is where arked by the onset of menstruation (menarche). By this time,

the growth spurt is all but complete. At this stage, there is noticeable

broadening of the hips with more adult fat distribution, and

development of the breasts is complete.

​

5 years

For stages of sexual developemnt in boys , it starts how many years before girls

Fat spurt

What is the inital sign of sexual maturation in boys

-estrogen production -> by leygins cells -> in testes

Reason for fast spurt in boys

Stage I

In this stage boys may appear obese and simewhat awkward physically, ear obese and somewhat awkward physically. At this time also,

the scrotum begins to increase in size and may show some increase

or change in pigmentation

STAGE II

this stage, there is a redistribution and relative decrease

in subcutaneous fat, pubic hair begins to appear, and growth of

the penis begins

8-12 months

How many months does Stage III (BOYS) occur after stage II

Stage III

peak velocity in gain in height. At this time, axillary hair

appears and facial hair appears on the upper lip only. What stage is this

15-24 months

In stage IV for boys, how many months does it occur after stage III

Stage IV

This stage in boys where the spurt of

growth in height ends. There is facial hair on the chin and the

upper lip, adult distribution and color of pubic and axillary hair,

and a further increase in muscular strength.

1. Passive displacement

2. Active growth of the maxillary structures and nose

2 basic mechanisms in groth of the nasomaxillary area

1-2MM

In the ramus height, it increase how much mm per year

2-3MM

In the body length of the ramus, how many mm does it increase per year

-Wideht

-Length

-Height

3 planes of space in both maxilla nad mandible

Age 12

For intercanine width, is more likely to decrease at what age

14-15 years ( more accurate 2-3 yeasr after menstruation)

For girls, the maxilla grows slowly downward and forward at the age?

INternal rotation

What is the rotation called that occurs in the core of each jaw

External rotation

THis rotation is when there is surface changes and alterations in the rate of tooth eruption

Forward rotation(clockwise )

THis rotation tend to tip the incisors forward increasing tyheir prominence

Backward rotation (counterclockwise)

THis rotation directs the anterior teeth more posteriorlym realtively up righting them

FOrward rotation (clockwise)

What rotation causes short face (short anterior lower face height)

BAckward rotation (counterclockwise)

WHat rotations causes long face(excessive lower anterior face height)

Downwards

IN changes of facial soft tissues, what direction of sagging would the lips and soft tissue of the face

-Upper incisors

-small amount of gingiva

What type of exposure in facil soft tissues is both youtful and esthetic

-Incisor crowding in early adolescence

-Arch length decreases with age

-3rd molars crowding

-Occlusal changes with growth

-Stability is not guarenteed

In changes in alignment & occlusion, what are those changes