Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 06: Bones and Skeletal Tissues

These flashcards cover vocabulary terms related to the structure and function of bones and skeletal tissues as presented in the lecture.

Perichondrium

Layer of dense connective tissue surrounding cartilage, contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery.

Chondrocytes

Cells found in lacunae within the flexible extracellular matrix of cartilage.

Hyaline Cartilage

A type of cartilage that is most common, providing support with some pliability.

Functions of Bones

Support, protection, anchorage, mineral storage, triglyceride storage, hormone production, and blood cell formation.

Axial Skeleton

Consists of the long axis of the body including the skull, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, hyoid, sternum, and ribs.

Appendicular Skeleton

Consists of bones of the upper and lower limbs, as well as pelvic and pectoral girdles.

Bone Classification by Shape

Bones are classified as long, short, sesamoid, flat, or irregular based on their shapes.

Compact Bone

Dense outer layer of bone that appears smooth and solid.

Spongy Bone

Bone that has a honeycomb structure containing small, needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that secrete bone matrix and are actively involved in the calcification process.

Osteoclasts

Giant, multinucleate cells that function in the breakdown of bone and help maintain blood calcium levels.

Hematopoiesis

The formation of blood cells which occurs in the red marrow of certain bones.

Trabeculae

The framework of spongy bone that provides strength and support without the presence of osteons.

Lamellae

Concentric rings of bone matrix that make up the osteon.

Nutrient Artery

Artery that supplies nutrients to the bone and is often accompanied by veins.

Osteocyte

Mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix and communicates with other bone cells.

Endosteum

Delicate connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary cavity of bones.

Bone Markings

Distinctive features of bones, such as projections for muscle attachment, depressions for joints, and openings for nerves or blood vessels.

Periosteum

A white, double-layered membrane covering external surfaces of bones excluding joints.